1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
INPUT
FEEDBACK
VTAP
ERROR
OUTPUT
SENSE
SHUTDOWN
GND
LP2951
D OR P PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
OUTPUT
GND
INPUT
LP2950
LP PACKAGE
(BOTTOM VIEW)
LP2951
DRG PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
INPUT
FEEDBACK
VTAP
ERROR
OUTPUT
SENSE
SHUTDOWN
GND
Thermal
Pad
LP2950
LP2951
www.ti.com
SLVS582H –APRIL 2006–REVISED MARCH 2012
ADJUSTABLE MICROPOWER VOLTAGE REGULATORS
WITH SHUTDOWN
Check for Samples: LP2950,LP2951
1FEATURES
• Wide Input Range: Up to 30 V • Stable With Low ESR (>12 mΩ) Capacitors
• Rated Output Current of 100 mA • Current- and Thermal-Limiting Features
• Low Dropout: 380 mV (Typ) at 100 mA • LP2950 Only (3-Pin Package)
• Low Quiescent Current: 75 μA (Typ) – Fixed-Output Voltages of 5 V, 3.3 V, and 3 V
• Tight Line Regulation: 0.03% (Typ) • LP2951 Only (8-Pin Package)
• Tight Load Regulation: 0.04% (Typ) – Fixed- or Adjustable-Output Voltages:
5 V/ADJ, 3.3 V/ADJ, and 3 V/ADJ
• High VOAccuracy – Low-Voltage Error Signal on Falling Output
– 1.4% at 25°C – Shutdown Capability
– 2% Over Temperature – Remote Sense Capability for Optimal
• Can Be Used as a Regulator or Reference Output Regulation and Accuracy
DESCRIPTION/ORDERING INFORMATION
The LP2950 and LP2951 devices are bipolar, low-dropout voltage regulators that can accommodate a wide input
supply-voltage range of up to 30 V. The easy-to-use, 3-pin LP2950 is available in fixed-output voltages of 5 V,
3.3 V, and 3 V. However, the 8-pin LP2951 is able to output either a fixed or adjustable output from the same
device. By tying the OUTPUT and SENSE pins together, and the FEEDBACK and VTAP pins together, the
LP2951 outputs a fixed 5 V, 3.3 V, or 3 V (depending on the version). Alternatively, by leaving the SENSE and
VTAP pins open and connecting FEEDBACK to an external resistor divider, the output can be set to any value
between 1.235 V to 30 V.
The 8-pin LP2951 also offers additional functionality that makes it particularly suitable for battery-powered
applications. For example, a logic-compatible shutdown feature allows the regulator to be put in standby mode
for power savings. In addition, there is a built-in supervisor reset function in which the ERROR output goes low
when VOUT drops by 6% of its nominal value for whatever reasons – due to a drop in VIN, current limiting, or
thermal shutdown.
The LP2950 and LP2951 are designed to minimize all error contributions to the output voltage. With a tight
output tolerance (0.5% at 25°C), a very low output voltage temperature coefficient (20 ppm typical), extremely
good line and load regulation (0.3% and 0.4% typical), and remote sensing capability, the parts can be used as
either low-power voltage references or 100-mA regulators.
1Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of
Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Copyright © 2006–2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas
Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not
necessarily include testing of all parameters.
LP2950
LP2951
SLVS582H –APRIL 2006–REVISED MARCH 2012
www.ti.com
ORDERING INFORMATION(1)
VOUT ORDERABLE
TAPACKAGE(2) TOP-SIDE MARKING
(NOM) PART NUMBER
Bulk of 1000 LP2950-30LP
TO-226/TO-92 – LP KY5030
Reel of 2000 LP2950-30LPR
PDIP – P Tube of 50 LP2951-30P PREVIEW
3 V Tube of 75 LP2951-30D
SOIC – D KY5130
Reel of 2500 LP2951-30DR
WSON – DRG Reel of 1000 LP2951-30DRGR ZUD
Bulk of 1000 LP2950-33LP
TO-226/TO-92 – LP KY5033
Reel of 2000 LP2950-33LPR
PDIP – P Tube of 50 LP2951-33P TBD
3.3 V Tube of 75 LP2951-33D
SOIC – D KY5133
Reel of 2500 LP2951-33DR
–40°C to 125°C WSON – DRG Reel of 1000 LP2951-33DRGR ZUE
Bulk of 1000 LP2950-50LP PREVIEW
TO-226/TO-92 – LP Reel of 2000 LP2950-50LPR KY5050
PDIP – P Tube of 50 LP2951-50P PREVIEW
5 V Tube of 75 LP2951-50D
SOIC – D KY5150
Reel of 2500 LP2951-50DR
WSON – DRG Reel of 1000 LP2951-50DRGR ZUF
PDIP – P Tube of 50 LP2951P PREVIEW
Tube of 75 LP2951D
ADJ SOIC-D LP2951
Reel of 2500 LP2951DR
WSON – DRG Reel of 1000 LP2951DRGR PREVIEW
(1) For the most current package and ordering information, see the Package Option Addendum at the end of this document, or see the TI
web site at www.ti.com.
(2) Package drawings, thermal data, and symbolization are available at www.ti.com/packaging.
2Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2006–2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Link(s): LP2950 LP2951
VOUT
IL 3 100 mA
ERROR
Amplifier
−
+
1.23-V
Reference
INPUT
OUTPUT
GND
+
+
Unregulated DC
+
See Application
Information
To CMOS
or TTL
VOUT
IL 3 100 mA
ERROR
Amplifier
−
+
1.235-V
Reference
INPUT
SENSE
GND
+
+
+
Unregulated DC
FEEDBACK
−
+
VTAP
ERROR
SHUTDOWN
+
330 kW
ERROR Detection Comparator
4
5
6
2
OUTPUT
187
3
From
CMOS
or TTL
60 mV
See Application Information
See Application
Information
LP2950
LP2951
www.ti.com
SLVS582H –APRIL 2006–REVISED MARCH 2012
LP2950 FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
LP2951 FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
Copyright © 2006–2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 3
Product Folder Link(s): LP2950 LP2951
LP2950
LP2951
SLVS582H –APRIL 2006–REVISED MARCH 2012
www.ti.com
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS(1)
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
VIN Continuous input voltage range –0.3 V to 30 V
VSHDN SHUTDOWN input voltage range –1.5 V to 30 V
ERROR comparator output voltage range(2) –1.5 V to 30 V
VFDBK FEEDBACK input voltage range(2) (3) –1.5 V to 30 V
D package(5) 97°C/W
DRG package(6) 52.44°C/W
θJA Package thermal impedance(4) LP package(5) 140°C/W
P package(5) 84.6°C/W
TJOperating virtual-junction temperature 150°C
Tstg Storage temperature range –65°C to 150°C
(1) Stresses beyond those listed under "absolute maximum ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under "recommended operating
conditions" is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
(2) May exceed input supply voltage
(3) If load is returned to a negative power supply, the output must be diode clamped to GND.
(4) Maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(max), θJA, and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any allowable ambient
temperature is PD= (TJ(max) – TA)/θJA. Operating at the absolute maximum TJof 150°C can affect reliability.
(5) The package thermal impedance is calculated in accordance with JESD 51-7.
(6) The package thermal impedance is calculated in accordance with JESD 51-5.
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS MIN MAX UNIT
VIN Supply input voltage (1) 30 V
TJOperating virtual junction temperature –40 125 °C
(1) Minimum VIN is the greater of:
(a) 2 V (25°C), 2.3 V (over temperature), or
(b) VOUT(MAX) + Dropout (Max) at rated IL
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Product Folder Link(s): LP2950 LP2951
LP2950
LP2951
www.ti.com
SLVS582H –APRIL 2006–REVISED MARCH 2012
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
VIN = VOUT (nominal) + 1 V, IL= 100 μA, CL= 1 μF (5-V versions) or CL= 2.2 μF (3-V and 3.3-V versions),
8-pin version: FEEDBACK tied to VTAP, OUTPUT tied to SENSE, VSHUTDOWN ≤0.7 V
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS TJMIN TYP MAX UNIT
3-V VERSION (LP295x-30)
25°C 2.970 3 3.030
VOUT Output voltage IL= 100 μA V
–40°C to 125°C 2.940 3 3.060
3.3-V VERSION (LP295x-33)
25°C 3.267 3.3 3.333
VOUT Output voltage IL= 100 μA V
–40°C to 125°C 3.234 3.3 3.366
5-V VERSION (LP295x-50)
25°C 4.950 5 5.050
VOUT Output voltage IL= 100 μA V
–40°C to 125°C 4.900 5 5.100
ALL VOLTAGE OPTIONS
Output voltage temperature IL= 100 μA –40°C to 125°C 20 100 ppm/°C
coefficient(1)
25°C 0.03 0.2
Line regulation(2) VIN = [VOUT(NOM) + 1 V] to 30 V %/V
–40°C to 125°C 0.4
25°C 0.04 0.2
Load regulation(2) IL= 100 μA to 100 mA %
–40°C to 125°C 0.3
25°C 50 80
IL= 100 μA–40°C to 125°C 150
VIN – VOUT Dropout voltage(3) mV
25°C 380 450
IL= 100 mA –40°C to 125°C 600
25°C 75 120
IL= 100 μAμA
–40°C to 125°C 140
IGND GND current 25°C 8 12
IL= 100 mA mA
–40°C to 125°C 14
25°C 110 170
VIN = VOUT(NOM) – 0.5 V,
Dropout ground current μA
IL= 100 μA–40°C to 125°C 200
25°C 160 200
Current limit VOUT = 0 V mA
–40°C to 125°C 220
Thermal regulation(4) IL= 100 μA 25°C 0.05 0.2 %/W
CL= 1 μF (5 V only) 430
CL= 200 μF 160
Output noise (RMS), 25°C μV
LP2951-50: CL= 3.3 μF,
10 Hz to 100 kHz CBypass = 0.01 μF between pins 1 and 100
7
(1) Output or reference voltage temperature coefficient is defined as the worst-case voltage change divided by the total temperature range.
(2) Regulation is measured at constant junction temperature, using pulse testing with a low duty cycle. Changes in output voltage due to
heating effects are covered under the specification for thermal regulation.
(3) Dropout voltage is defined as the input-to-output differential at which the output voltage drops 100 mV, below the value measured at 1-V
differential. The minimum input supply voltage of 2 V (2.3 V over temperature) must be observed.
(4) Thermal regulation is defined as the change in output voltage at a time (T) after a change in power dissipation is applied, excluding load
or line regulation effects. Specifications are for a 50-mA load pulse at VIN = 30 V, VOUT = 5 V (1.25-W pulse) for t = 10 ms.
Copyright © 2006–2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 5
Product Folder Link(s): LP2950 LP2951
LP2950
LP2951
SLVS582H –APRIL 2006–REVISED MARCH 2012
www.ti.com
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
VIN = VOUT (nominal) + 1 V, IL= 100 μA, CL= 1 μF (5-V versions) or CL= 2.2 μF (3-V and 3.3-V versions),
8-pin version: FEEDBACK tied to VTAP, OUTPUT tied to SENSE, VSHUTDOWN ≤0.7 V
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS TJMIN TYP MAX UNIT
(LP2951-xx) 8-PIN VERSION ONLY ADJ
25°C 1.218 1.235 1.252
–40°C to 125°C 1.212 1.257
Reference voltage V
VOUT = VREF to (VIN – 1 V),
VIN = 2.3 V to 30 V, –40°C to 125°C 1.200 1.272
IL= 100 μA to 100 mA
Reference voltage 25°C 20 ppm/°C
temperature coefficient(5)
25°C 20 40
FEEDBACK bias current nA
–40°C to 125°C 60
FEEDBACK bias current 25°C 0.1 nA/°C
temperature coefficient
ERROR COMPARATOR
25°C 0.01 1
Output leakage current VOUT = 30 V μA
–40°C to 125°C 2
25°C 150 250
VIN = VOUT(NOM) – 0.5 V,
Output low voltage mV
IOL = 400 μA–40°C to 125°C 400
25°C 40 60
Upper threshold voltage mV
(ERROR output high)(6) –40°C to 125°C 25
25°C 75 95
Lower threshold voltage mV
(ERROR output low)(6) –40°C to 125°C 140
Hysteresis(6) 25°C 15 mV
SHUTDOWN INPUT
Low (regulator ON) 0.7
Input logic voltage –40°C to 125°C V
High (regulator OFF) 2
25°C 30 50
SHUTDOWN = 2.4 V –40°C to 125°C 100
SHUTDOWN input current μA
25°C 450 600
SHUTDOWN = 30 V –40°C to 125°C 750
VSHUTDOWN ≥2 V, 25°C 3 10
Regulator output current VIN ≤30 V, VOUT = 0, μA
in shutdown –40°C to 125°C 20
FEEDBACK tied to VTAP
(5) Output or reference voltage temperature coefficient is defined as the worst-case voltage change divided by the total temperature range.
(6) Comparator thresholds are expressed in terms of a voltage differential equal to the nominal reference voltage (measured at
VIN – VOUT = 1 V) minus FEEDBACK terminal voltage. To express these thresholds in terms of output voltage change, multiply by the
error amplifier gain = VOUT/VREF = (R1 + R2)/R2. For example, at a programmed output voltage of 5 V, the ERROR output is specified to
go low when the output drops by 95 mV × 5 V/1.235 V = 384 mV. Thresholds remain constant as a percentage of VOUT (as VOUT is
varied), with the low-output warning occurring at 6% below nominal (typ) and 7.7% (max).
6Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2006–2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Link(s): LP2950 LP2951
0.01
0.1
1
10
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1
IL– Load Curre nt – A
Quiescent Current – mA
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
VIN – Input Voltage – V
Input Current – µA
R =
L∞
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
VIN – Input Voltage – V
Input Current – µA
R = 50 k
LΩ
R = 50
LΩ
LP2950
LP2951
www.ti.com
SLVS582H –APRIL 2006–REVISED MARCH 2012
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
QUIESCENT CURRENT INPUT CURRENT
vs vs
LOAD CURRENT INPUT VOLTAGE
INPUT CURRENT INPUT CURRENT
vs vs
INPUT VOLTAGE INPUT VOLTAGE
Copyright © 2006–2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 7
Product Folder Link(s): LP2950 LP2951
4.900
4.925
4.950
4.975
5.000
5.025
5.050
5.075
5.100
-40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125
TA– Temperature – °C
VOUT – Output Voltage – V
IL= 100 µA
IL= 100 mA
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
VIN – Input Voltage – V
Quiescent Current – µA
IL= 0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
VIN – Input Voltage – V
Quiescent Current – mA
IL= 100 mA
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
VIN – Input Voltage – V
Quiescent Current – µA
IL= 1 mA
LP2950
LP2951
SLVS582H –APRIL 2006–REVISED MARCH 2012
www.ti.com
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE QUIESCENT CURRENT
vs vs
TEMPERATURE INPUT VOLTAGE
QUIESCENT CURRENT QUIESCENT CURRENT
vs vs
INPUT VOLTAGE INPUT VOLTAGE
8Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2006–2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Link(s): LP2950 LP2951
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
-40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125
TA– Temperature – °C
Quiescent Current – µA
IL= 100 µA
VIN = 6 V
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
-40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125
TA– Temperature – °C
Quiescent Current – mA
IL= 100 m A
VIN = 6 V
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
-40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125
TA– Temperature – °C
Short-Circuit Current – mA
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
-40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125
TA– Temperature – °C
(VIN – VOUT) – Dropout Voltage – mV
RL= 100 µA
RL= 100 m A
LP2950
LP2951
www.ti.com
SLVS582H –APRIL 2006–REVISED MARCH 2012
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
QUIESCENT CURRENT QUIESCENT CURRENT
vs vs
TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE
SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT DROPOUT VOLTAGE
vs vs
TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE
Copyright © 2006–2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 9
Product Folder Link(s): LP2950 LP2951
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1
IO– Output Current – A
(VIN – VOUT) – Dropout Voltage – mV
1.6
1.65
1.7
1.75
1.8
1.85
1.9
1.95
2
-40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125
TA– Temperature – °C
Minimum Operating Voltage – V
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
VIN – Input Voltage – V
ERROR Output – V
50-k resistorto
external5-Vsupply
W
50-k resistor
toV
W
OUT
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-55 -30 -5 20 45 70 95 120 145
TA– Temperature – °C
FEEDBACK Bias Current – nA
LP2950
LP2951
SLVS582H –APRIL 2006–REVISED MARCH 2012
www.ti.com
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
DROPOUT VOLTAGE LP2951 MINIMUM OPERATING VOLTAGE
vs vs
OUTPUT CURRENT TEMPERATURE
LP2951 FEEDBACK BIAS CURRENT LP2951 ERROR COMPARATOR OUTPUT
vs vs
TEMPERATURE INPUT VOLTAGE
10 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2006–2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Link(s): LP2950 LP2951
InputVoltage
2V/div
OutputVoltage
80 mV/div
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
VOL – Output Low Voltage – V
ISINK – Sink Current – mA
T = 125
A
T = 25
A
T = –40
A
Output Load
100 mA/div
OutputVoltage
100 mV/div
Output Load
100 mA/div
OutputVoltage
100 mV/div
LP2950
LP2951
www.ti.com
SLVS582H –APRIL 2006–REVISED MARCH 2012
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
LP2951 ERROR COMPARATOR SINK CURRENT LINE TRANSIENT RESPONSE
vs vs
OUTPUT LOW VOLTAGE TIME
LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE
vs vs
TIME TIME
(VOUT = 5 V, CL= 1 μF) (VOUT = 5 V, CL= 10 μF)
Copyright © 2006–2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 11
Product Folder Link(s): LP2950 LP2951
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1.E+01 1.E+02 1.E+03 1.E+04 1.E+05 1.E+06
f – Frequency – Hz
Power-Supply Ripple Rejection – dB
IL= 100 µA
IL= 0
VIN = 6 V
CL= 1 µF
10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1.E+01 1.E+02 1.E+03 1.E+04 1.E+05 1.E+06
f – Frequency – Hz
Output Impedance – Ohm
IL= 1 m A
IL= 100 mA
IL= 100 µA
10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M
Ω
LP2950
LP2951
SLVS582H –APRIL 2006–REVISED MARCH 2012
www.ti.com
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
ENABLE TRANSIENT RESPONSE ENABLE TRANSIENT RESPONSE
vs vs
TIME TIME
(CL= 1 μF, IL= 1 mA) (CL= 10 μF, IL= 1 mA)
OUTPUT IMPEDANCE RIPPLE REJECTION
vs vs
FREQUENCY FREQUENCY
12 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2006–2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Link(s): LP2950 LP2951
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1.E+01 1.E+02 1.E+03 1.E+04 1.E+05 1.E+06
f – Frequency – Hz
Power-Supply Ripple Rejection – dB
IL= 10 mA
IL= 1 mA
VIN = 6 V
CL= 1 µF
10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1.E+01 1.E+02 1.E+03 1.E+04 1.E+05 1.E+06
f – Frequency – Hz
Power-Supply Ripple Rejection – dB
IL= 100 mA
IL= 50 mA
VIN = 6 V
CL= 1 µF
10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
-40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125
TA– Temperature – °C
RP2P4 – Pin 2 to Pin 4 Resistance – k
kW
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1.E+01 1.E+02 1.E+03 1.E+04 1.E+05
f – Frequency – Hz
Output Noise – µV
CL= 1 µF
CL= 3.3 µF
CL= 200 µF
10 100 1k 10k 100k
LP2950
LP2951
www.ti.com
SLVS582H –APRIL 2006–REVISED MARCH 2012
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
RIPPLE REJECTION RIPPLE REJECTION
vs vs
FREQUENCY FREQUENCY
LP2951 OUTPUT NOISE LP2951 DIVIDER RESISTANCE
vs vs
FREQUENCY TEMPERATURE
Copyright © 2006–2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 13
Product Folder Link(s): LP2950 LP2951
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
-40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125
TA– Temperature – °C
Input Logic Voltage (OFF to ON) – V
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
-40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125
TA– Temperature – °C
Input Logic Voltage (ON to OFF) – V
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
VIN – Input Voltage – V
Output Voltage Change – mV
LP2950
LP2951
SLVS582H –APRIL 2006–REVISED MARCH 2012
www.ti.com
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
SHUTDOWN THRESHOLD VOLTAGE (OFF TO ON) SHUTDOWN THRESHOLD VOLTAGE (ON TO OFF)
vs vs
TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE
LINE REGULATION
vs
INPUT VOLTAGE
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Product Folder Link(s): LP2950 LP2951
LP2950
LP2951
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SLVS582H –APRIL 2006–REVISED MARCH 2012
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Input Capacitor (CIN)
A 1-μF (tantalum, ceramic, or aluminum) electrolytic capacitor should be placed locally at the input of the LP2950
or LP2951 if there is, or will be, significant impedance between the ac filter capacitor and the input; for example,
if a battery is used as the input or if the ac filter capacitor is located more than 10 in away. There are no ESR
requirements for this capacitor, and the capacitance can be increased without limit.
Output Capacitor (COUT)
As with most PNP LDOs, stability conditions require the output capacitor to have a minimum capacitance and an
ESR that falls within a certain range.
Capacitance Value
For VOUT ≥5 V, a minimum of 1 μF is required. For lower VOUT, the regulator’s loop gain is running closer to unity
gain and, thus, has lower phase margins. Consequently, a larger capacitance is needed for stability. For VOUT =
3 V or 3.3 V, a minimum of 2.2 μF is recommended. For worst case, VOUT = 1.23 V (using the ADJ version), a
minimum of 3.3 μF is recommended. COUT can be increased without limit and only improves the regulator stability
and transient response. Regardless of its value, the output capacitor should have a resonant frequency greater
than 500 kHz.
The minimum capacitance values given above are for maximum load current of 100 mA. If the maximum
expected load current is less than 100 mA, then lower values of COUT can be used. For instance, if IOUT < 10 mA,
then only 0.33 μF is required for COUT. For IOUT < 1 mA, 0.1 μF is sufficient for stability requirements. Thus, for a
worst-case condition of 100-mA load and VOUT = VREF = 1.235 V (representing the highest load current and
lowest loop gain), a minimum COUT of 3.3 μF is recommended.
For the LP2950, no load stability is inherent in the design — a desirable feature in CMOS circuits that are put in
standby (such as RAM keep-alive applications). If the LP2951 is used with external resistors to set the output
voltage, a minimum load current of 1 μA is recommended through the resistor divider.
ESR Range
The regulator control loop relies on the ESR of the output capacitor to provide a zero to add sufficient phase
margin to ensure unconditional regulator stability; this requires the closed-loop gain to intersect the open-loop
response in a region where the open-loop gain rolls off at 20 dB/decade. This ensures that the phase always is
less than 180° (phase margin greater than 0°) at unity gain. Thus, a minimum-maximum range for the ESR must
be observed.
The upper limit of this ESR range is established by the fact that too high an ESR could result in the zero
occurring too soon, causing the gain to roll off too slowly, which, in turn allows a third pole to appear before unity
gain and introduce enough phase shift to cause instability. This typically limits the max ESR to approximately
5Ω.
Conversely, the lower limit of the ESR is tied to the fact that too low an ESR shifts the zero too far out (past unity
gain) and, thus, allows the gain to roll off at 40 dB/decade at unity gain, with a resulting phase shift of greater
than 180°. Typically, this limits the minimum ESR to approximately 20 mΩto 30 mΩ.
For specific ESR requirements, see Typical Characteristics.
Copyright © 2006–2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 15
Product Folder Link(s): LP2950 LP2951
f(CBYPASS) ]200 Hz ³CBYPASS +1
2p R1 200 Hz
LP2950
LP2951
SLVS582H –APRIL 2006–REVISED MARCH 2012
www.ti.com
Capacitor Types
Most tantalum or aluminum electrolytics are suitable for use at the input. Film-type capacitors also work, but at
higher cost. When operating at low temperature, care should be taken with aluminum electrolytics, as their
electrolytes often freeze at –30°C. For this reason, solid tantalum capacitors should be used at temperatures
below –25°C.
Ceramic capacitors can be used, but due to their low ESR (as low as 5 mΩto 10 mΩ), they may not meet the
minimum ESR requirement previously discussed. If a ceramic capacitor is used, a series resistor between 0.1 Ω
to2Ωmust be added to meet the minimum ESR requirement. In addition, ceramic capacitors have one glaring
disadvantage that must be taken into account — a poor temperature coefficient, where the capacitance can vary
significantly with temperature. For instance, a large-value ceramic capacitor (≥2.2 μF) can lose more than half of
its capacitance as temperature rises from 25°C to 85°C. Thus, a 2.2-μF capacitor at 25°C drops well below the
minimum COUT required for stability as ambient temperature rises. For this reason, select an output capacitor that
maintains the minimum 2.2 μF required for stability for the entire operating temperature range.
CBYPASS: Noise and Stability Improvement
In the LP2951, an external FEEDBACK pin directly connected to the error amplifier noninverting input can allow
stray capacitance to cause instability by shunting the error amplifier feedback to GND, especially at high
frequencies. This is worsened if high-value external resistors are used to set the output voltage, because a high
resistance allows the stray capacitance to play a more significant role; i.e., a larger RC time delay is introduced
between the output of the error amplifier and its FEEDBACK input, leading to more phase shift and lower phase
margin. A solution is to add a 100-pF bypass capacitor (CBYPASS) between OUTPUT and FEEDBACK; because
CBYPASS is in parallel with R1, it lowers the impedance seen at FEEDBACK at high frequencies, in effect
offsetting the effect of the parasitic capacitance by providing more feedback at higher frequencies. More
feedback forces the error amplifier to work at a lower loop gain, so COUT should be increased to a minimum of
3.3 μF to improve the regulator’s phase margin.
CBYPASS can be also used to reduce output noise in the LP2951. This bypass capacitor reduces the closed loop
gain of the error amplifier at the high frequency, so noise no longer scales with the output voltage. This
improvement is more noticeable with higher output voltages, because loop gain reduction is greatest. A suitable
CBYPASS is calculated as shown in Equation 1:
(1)
On the 3-pin LP2950, noise reduction can be achieved by increasing the output capacitor, which causes the
regulator bandwidth to be reduced, therefore, eliminating high-frequency noise. However, this method is relatively
inefficient, as increasing COUT from 1 μF to 220 μF only reduces the regulator’s output noise from 430 μV to
160 μV (over a 100-kHz bandwidth).
ERROR Function (LP2951 Only)
The LP2951 has a low-voltage detection comparator that outputs a logic low when the output voltage drops by
≉6% from its nominal value, and outputs a logic high when VOUT has reached ≉95% of its nominal value. This
95% of nominal figure is obtained by dividing the built-in offset of ≉60 mV by the 1.235-V bandgap reference, and
remains independent of the programmed output voltage. For example, the trip-point threshold (ERROR output
goes high) typically is 4.75 V for a 5-V output and 11.4 V for a 12-V output. Typically, there is a hysteresis of 15
mV between the thresholds for high and low ERROR output.
A timing diagram is shown in Figure 1 for ERROR vs VOUT (5 V), as VIN is ramped up and down. ERROR
becomes valid (low) when VIN ≉1.3 V. When VIN ≉5 V, VOUT = 4.75 V, causing ERROR to go high. Because the
dropout voltage is load dependent, the output trip-point threshold is reached at different values of VIN, depending
on the load current. For instance, at higher load current, ERROR goes high at a slightly higher value of VIN, and
vice versa for lower load current. The output-voltage trip point remains at ≉4.75 V, regardless of the load. Note
that when VIN ≤1.3 V, the ERROR comparator output is turned off and pulled high to its pullup voltage. If VOUT is
used as the pullup voltage, rather than an external 5-V source, ERROR typically is ≉1.2 V. In this condition, an
equal resistor divider (10 kΩis suitable) can be tied to ERROR to divide down the voltage to a valid logic low
during any fault condition, while still enabling a logic high during normal operation.
16 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2006–2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Link(s): LP2950 LP2951
5 V
1.3 V
Input
Voltage
Output
Voltage
ERROR
4.75 V
VOUT +VREF ǒ1)R1
R2Ǔ*IFBR1
LP2950
LP2951
www.ti.com
SLVS582H –APRIL 2006–REVISED MARCH 2012
Figure 1. ERROR Output Timing
Because the ERROR comparator has an open-collector output, an external pullup resistor is required to pull the
output up to VOUT or another supply voltage (up to 30 V). The output of the comparator is rated to sink up to
400 μA. A suitable range of values for the pullup resistor is from 100 kΩto 1 MΩ. If ERROR is not used, it can
be left open.
Programming Output Voltage (LP2951 Only)
A unique feature of the LP2951 is its ability to output either a fixed voltage or an adjustable voltage, depending
on the external pin connections. To output the internally programmed fixed voltage, tie the SENSE pin to the
OUTPUT pin and the FEEDBACK pin to the VTAP pin. Alternatively, a user-programmable voltage ranging from
the internal 1.235-V reference to a 30-V max can be set by using an external resistor divider pair. The resistor
divider is tied to VOUT, and the divided-down voltage is tied directly to FEEDBACK for comparison against the
internal 1.235-V reference. To satisfy the steady-state condition in which its two inputs are equal, the error
amplifier drives the output to equal Equation 2:
Where:
VREF = 1.235 V applied across R2
IFB = FEEDBACK bias current, typically 20 nA
A minimum regulator output current of 1 μA must be maintained. Thus, in an application where a no-load
condition is expected (for example, CMOS circuits in standby), this 1-μA minimum current must be provided by
the resistor pair, effectively imposing a maximum value of R2 = 1.2 MΩ(1.235 V/1.2 MΩ≉1μA).
IFB = 20 nA introduces an error of ≉0.02% in VOUT. This can be offset by trimming R1. Alternatively, increasing
the divider current makes IFB less significant, thus, reducing its error contribution. For instance, using R2 = 100
kΩreduces the error contribution of IFB to 0.17% by increasing the divider current to ≉12 μA. This increase in the
divider current still is small compared to the 600-μA typical quiescent current of the LP2951 under no load. (2)
Copyright © 2006–2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 17
Product Folder Link(s): LP2950 LP2951
LP2950
LP2951
SLVS582H –APRIL 2006–REVISED MARCH 2012
www.ti.com
REVISION HISTORY
Changes from Revision G (July 2011) to Revision H Page
• Changed wording for resonant frequency requirement ...................................................................................................... 15
18 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2006–2012, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Link(s): LP2950 LP2951
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com 5-Jul-2012
Addendum-Page 1
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package
Drawing Pins Package Qty Eco Plan (2) Lead/
Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (3) Samples
(Requires Login)
LP2950-30LP ACTIVE TO-92 LP 3 1000 Pb-Free (RoHS) CU SN N / A for Pkg Type
LP2950-30LPE3 ACTIVE TO-92 LP 3 1000 Pb-Free (RoHS) CU SN N / A for Pkg Type
LP2950-30LPR ACTIVE TO-92 LP 3 2000 Pb-Free (RoHS) CU SN N / A for Pkg Type
LP2950-30LPRE3 ACTIVE TO-92 LP 3 2000 Pb-Free (RoHS) CU SN N / A for Pkg Type
LP2950-33LPE3 ACTIVE TO-92 LP 3 1000 Pb-Free (RoHS) CU SN N / A for Pkg Type
LP2950-33LPRE3 ACTIVE TO-92 LP 3 2000 Pb-Free (RoHS) CU SN N / A for Pkg Type
LP2950-50LPRE3 ACTIVE TO-92 LP 3 2000 Pb-Free (RoHS) CU SN N / A for Pkg Type
LP2951-30D ACTIVE SOIC D 8 75 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM
LP2951-30DG4 ACTIVE SOIC D 8 75 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM
LP2951-30DR ACTIVE SOIC D 8 2500 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM
LP2951-30DRG4 ACTIVE SOIC D 8 2500 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM
LP2951-30DRGR ACTIVE SON DRG 8 3000 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
LP2951-33D ACTIVE SOIC D 8 75 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM
LP2951-33DG4 ACTIVE SOIC D 8 75 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM
LP2951-33DR ACTIVE SOIC D 8 2500 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM
LP2951-33DRG4 ACTIVE SOIC D 8 2500 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM
LP2951-33DRGR ACTIVE SON DRG 8 3000 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
LP2951-50D ACTIVE SOIC D 8 75 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM
LP2951-50DG4 ACTIVE SOIC D 8 75 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM
LP2951-50DR ACTIVE SOIC D 8 2500 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com 5-Jul-2012
Addendum-Page 2
Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package
Drawing Pins Package Qty Eco Plan (2) Lead/
Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (3) Samples
(Requires Login)
LP2951-50DRG4 ACTIVE SOIC D 8 2500 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM
LP2951-50DRGR ACTIVE SON DRG 8 3000 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
LP2951D ACTIVE SOIC D 8 75 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM
LP2951DG4 ACTIVE SOIC D 8 75 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM
LP2951DR ACTIVE SOIC D 8 2500 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM
LP2951DRG4 ACTIVE SOIC D 8 2500 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM
(1) The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability
information and additional product content details.
TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.
Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that
lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.
Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between
the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above.
Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight
in homogeneous material)
(3) MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature.
Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information
provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and
continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals.
TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release.
In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com 5-Jul-2012
Addendum-Page 3
OTHER QUALIFIED VERSIONS OF LP2951-50 :
•Automotive: LP2951-50-Q1
NOTE: Qualified Version Definitions:
•Automotive - Q100 devices qualified for high-reliability automotive applications targeting zero defects
TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION
*All dimensions are nominal
Device Package
Type Package
Drawing Pins SPQ Reel
Diameter
(mm)
Reel
Width
W1 (mm)
A0
(mm) B0
(mm) K0
(mm) P1
(mm) W
(mm) Pin1
Quadrant
LP2951-30DR SOIC D 8 2500 330.0 12.4 6.4 5.2 2.1 8.0 12.0 Q1
LP2951-30DRGR SON DRG 8 3000 330.0 12.4 3.3 3.3 1.1 8.0 12.0 Q2
LP2951-33DR SOIC D 8 2500 330.0 12.4 6.4 5.2 2.1 8.0 12.0 Q1
LP2951-33DRGR SON DRG 8 3000 330.0 12.4 3.3 3.3 1.1 8.0 12.0 Q2
LP2951-50DR SOIC D 8 2500 330.0 12.4 6.4 5.2 2.1 8.0 12.0 Q1
LP2951-50DRGR SON DRG 8 3000 330.0 12.4 3.3 3.3 1.1 8.0 12.0 Q2
LP2951DR SOIC D 8 2500 330.0 12.4 6.4 5.2 2.1 8.0 12.0 Q1
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com 5-Jul-2012
Pack Materials-Page 1
*All dimensions are nominal
Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm)
LP2951-30DR SOIC D 8 2500 340.5 338.1 20.6
LP2951-30DRGR SON DRG 8 3000 346.0 346.0 29.0
LP2951-33DR SOIC D 8 2500 340.5 338.1 20.6
LP2951-33DRGR SON DRG 8 3000 346.0 346.0 29.0
LP2951-50DR SOIC D 8 2500 340.5 338.1 20.6
LP2951-50DRGR SON DRG 8 3000 346.0 346.0 29.0
LP2951DR SOIC D 8 2500 340.5 338.1 20.6
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com 5-Jul-2012
Pack Materials-Page 2
MECHANICAL DATA
MSOT002A – OCTOBER 1994 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2001
1
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
LP (O-PBCY-W3) PLASTIC CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE
4040001-2/C 10/01
STRAIGHT LEAD OPTION
0.016 (0,41)
0.014 (0,35)
0.157 (4,00) MAX
FORMED LEAD OPTION
0.104 (2,65)
0.210 (5,34)
0.170 (4,32)
0.050 (1,27)
0.016 (0,41)
0.022 (0,56)
0.500 (12,70) MIN
Seating
Plane
0.175 (4,44)
0.205 (5,21) 0.165 (4,19)
0.125 (3,17)
DIA
D
C
0.105 (2,67)
0.095 (2,41)
0.135 (3,43) MIN
0.080 (2,03)
0.055 (1,40)
0.045 (1,14)
1
0.105 (2,67)
23
0.080 (2,03)
0.105 (2,67)
NOTES: A. All linear dimensions are in inches (millimeters).
B. This drawing is subject to change without notice.
C. Lead dimensions are not controlled within this area
D. FAlls within JEDEC TO -226 Variation AA (TO-226 replaces T O-92)
E. Shipping Method:
Straight lead option available in bulk pack only.
Formed lead option available in tape & reel or ammo pack.
MECHANICAL DATA
MSOT002A – OCTOBER 1994 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2001
2POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
LP (O-PBCY-W3) PLASTIC CYLINDRICAL PACKAGE
4040001-3/C 10/01
0.094 (2,40)
0.114 (2,90)
0.460 (11,70)
0.539 (13,70)
TAPE & REEL
0.335 (8,50)
0.384 (9,75)
0.020 (0,50) MIN
0.217 (5,50)
0.748 (19,00) 0.748 (19,00)
0.689 (17,50)
0.098 (2,50)
0.433 (11,00)
0.335 (8,50)
0.610 (15,50)
0.650 (16,50)
1.260 (32,00)
0.905 (23,00)
0.234 (5,95)
0.266 (6,75)
0.512 (13,00)
0.488 (12,40)
0.114 (2,90)
0.094 (2,40) 0.146 (3,70)
0.169 (4,30) DIA
NOTES: A. All linear dimensions are in inches (millimeters).
B. This drawing is subject to change without notice.
C. Tape and Reel information for the Format Lead Option package.
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