OEM / TECHNICAL PRODUCTS Reference Guide Application Notes & Product Data Sheet I: Introduction Lithium has become a generic term representing a family of battery systems in which Lithium metal is used as the active anode material or negative electrode. Variations in the cathode material, or positive electrode, and the cell electrolyte result inhundreds of possible combinations of Lithium batteries. Rayovac(R) Lithium Carbon-monofluoride (BR) batteries are a solid-cathode type which optimizes reliability, safety, cost and performance. Lithium Carbon-monofluoride (BR) Coin Cells and FB Encapsulated Lithium Coin Cells IV: Applications The following devices are examples of good uses for BR coin cells: * Computer Memory and Real Time Clock Backup * Electronic Counters, Process Controllers * Portable Instruments * Time/Data Protection * Industrial Controls II: Features *O utstanding shelf life and excellent performance over a wide temperature range * Stable discharge voltage * Electronic Gas, Water and Electric Meters * Communication Equipment * RF Tags, Toll Tags, and ID Tags * Portable Electronic Devices * High energy density and voltage (3V) *E nhanced safety by the use of Carbon-monofluoride electrode material and a non-corrosive, non-toxic electrolyte Application Considerations * Excellent leak resistance Rayovac(R) BR coin cells and batteries should be considered for applications that are characterized by a need for: * Shelf life of ten years or more * Miniaturization * Pre-tinned terminals are solderable * Leakage resistance *A vailable with many wave-solderable terminal configurations * Lightweight III: Quality Systems Certification * Shock and vibration tolerance * Low to moderate current drains *E nvironments requiring extended operation or storage at a wide range of temperatures *T he need for flat discharge voltage and consistent source impedance * Long shelf life *A n extended service life due to low self-discharge rate *E nhanced safety and reduced product liability concerns * U.L. recognized components V: Construction do so requires a good understanding of the device's power requirements and the environment in which it is used as well as how the battery reacts to those loads and environments. (-) (+) Gasket CFx Cathode Current Collector Cell Can Anode Cap Lithium Anode Separator and Electrolyte It is important that the battery be considered early in the design process. This will allow the optimization of battery life through the selection of power con serving circuit components. Moreover, early battery selection will also minimize circuit and mechanical layout changes later in the design process. The following is a list of basic application character istics and conditions that must be considered for an optimum selection of a lithium Carbon-monofluoride power source. Electrical Characteristics * Voltage: maximum/minimum VI: Battery Selection * Current drain * Pulse currents Component Class Batteries and Cells * Pulse time/frequency of occurrence Today's circuit designers recognize the capabilities of BR Lithium coin cells and FB batteries to function as permanent components in their circuits. FB batteries exhibit reliability rates similar to diodes and resistors. The combination of very low power Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) memory devices with high energy, long life batteries now allow for batteries to be used as life-of-product components. Application Goals The traditional approach to product design is to provide sufficient energy to meet a design target for a stated period, at which time the batteries would be replaced. The decision to provide component or expendable power is fundamental to the product concept of the device being powered. Component batteries allow the designer to increase the reli ability and functionality of the device by eliminating the need for consumer replacement ofbatteries. Component batteries eliminate the problems of reversed polarity, wrong chemical system, mis matched capacities, and higher operating costs. However, component batteries require careful selection. The batteries must assure adequate energy for the expected load to compensate for self-dis charge and the thermal environment expected, and the batteries must also have a high reliability connec tion to the circuit. Today's demand for high performance, small footprint, reliable, and cost-effective electronic products can be realized by identifying the best match between the battery and its application. To * Duty cycle * Service life goal * Shelf life goal * Reliability * Safety * Battery availability Packaging * Shape * Terminals * Weight * Contact materials * Case materials Environmental * Operating temperature range * Storage temperature range * Humidity * Shock and vibration * Atmospheric pressure 2 VII: Calculating Battery Life Drain vs. Duration The design of an electronic circuit powered by a component class battery requires the designer to consider two interacting paths that determine a battery's life: consumption of active electrochemical components and thermal wear-out. Figure 1, at right, gives an estimate of years of service at various discharge currents for BR Lithium coin cells at room temperatures. Consumption of Active Battery Components Batteries produce electrical current by oxidation and reduction of their active electrochemical com ponents. Once these components are consumed, the battery ceases to produce current. The sum of the energy consumed by the circuit over its expected life plus theelectrochemistry's inherent loss of energy due toself-discharge, represents the first path in determining battery life. Thermal Wear-Out The second path in determining battery life is thermal wear-out, which is the loss of capacity caused by thermal mechanisms. Generally, thermal wear-out rates accelerate as temperatures in the operating environment rise. It is very important to hold the paths of self discharge and thermal wear-out as separate issues. This is because self-discharge can sometimes be compensated for by increasing the specified battery capacity, while thermal wear-out can only be addressed by selecting a more thermally capable battery. BR2335 Discharge Time in Years To optimize battery life in powered devices, today's designers are first selecting power conserving circuit components, and then specifying high reliability component Lithium batteries. Battery selection is based on an understanding of the thermal capabilities, effects of the operating envi ronment, and the battery life requirements of the powered device. 20 10 BR2032 BR1632 1 BR1225 0.4 0.1 1 10 100 Figure 1 Battery Life and Capacity Estimates Rayovac has accumulated over 200 million device hours of accelerated reliability testing with a major semiconductor manufacturer. This data has allowed us to gain a better understanding of the time and temperature dependent wear out of BR Lithium coin cells and FB batteries during storage. Please contact Rayovac's OEM Division for more information. 3 VIII: Performance Characteristics BR Lithium Carbon-monofluoride cells offer substantially lower self-discharge rates compared to other battery chemistries. Figure 2 compares the capacity loss due to self-discharge over a range of temperatures for various battery chemistries. BR Lithium coin cells provide self-discharge rates of less than 0.3% per year and Lifex FBTM batteries less than 0.2% per year. System Self-Discharge Rate vs. Temperature 90 Rayovac BR Lithium Carbon-Monofluoride Lithium Manganese Dioxide 80 Temperature (C) A. System Self-Discharge Comparison 70 60 Lithium Thionyl Chloride 50 40 Alkaline Manganese Dioxide 30 20 0 20 10 40 30 50 Percent of Capacity Loss per Year Figure 2 At high temperatures, Rayovac's BR Lithium coin cells and FB batteries offer significantly lower failure rates over competing coin cells. Figure 3 shows the relationship between temperature and the years to 1% failure of 12.5mm diameter cells ofsimilar capacity. A failure is defined as a closed circuit voltage less than 2.0 volts on a 250K load of 0.5 second duration. Lithium Coin Cells Temperature/Life Relationship 90 Temperature (C) B. Thermal Wear-Out 80 Encapsulated Rayovac FB 70 60 Rayovac BR Lithium 50 40 Li-MnO2 (CR) 0 Generic Li-CFx (BR) 5 10 15 Years of Life to 1% Failure Figure 3 Rayovac(R) BR Lithium coin cells provide more stable internal resistance throughout discharge compared to lithium manganese dioxide coin cells as shown in Figure 4. This is due to the formation of conduc tive carbon as a discharge by-product in the cell cathode during discharge. This carbon prevents a change in internal resistance until the active com ponents of the cell are consumed. Internal Resistance During 30K Discharge BR2032 Cell vs. CR2032 Cell Internal Resistance @ 1 KHz (Ohms) C. System Internal Resistance Comparison 100 80 60 Lithium Manganese Dioxide (CR) 40 Rayovac BR Lithium 20 0 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 Capacity (mAh) Figure 4 4 D. I nternal Operating Resistance During Discharge Typical Initial Internal Resistance at 1 KHz AC Cell Size Internal Resistance (0hms) BR1225 85 BR1632 34 BR2032 25 BR2335 21 250 3.5 3.0 Voltage (V) Figure 5 (right) shows how the internal resistance and voltage changes on a BR1225 cell as a percent of discharge. Similar profiles with slightly different values are observed with other cell sizes. The typical initial 1KHz AC internal resistance for each cell size is shown in Figure 6. Closed Circuit Voltage 200 2.5 2.0 150 1.5 100 75 1.0 0.5 0.0 50 Internal Resistance 0 25 50 75 100 0 Internal Resistance @ 1 KHz (Ohms) Internal Resistance and CCV of BR1225 Cell During 30K Discharge % Depth of Discharge Figure 5 Figure 6 E. O perating & Storage Temperature Range Rayovac(R) BR Lithium coin cells and FB batteries provide excellent performance over a wide range of temperatures. The operating and storage tempera ture ranges are: BR Lithium Coin Cells -40 C to +85 C -40 F to +185 F FB Batteries -40 C to +100 C -40 F to +212 F F. Safety Figure 7 below compares the safety of the three most common Lithium systems. The figure demonstrates that the Rayovac(R) BR Lithium battery components are extremely safe. Rayovac(R) BR Lithium batteries have been granted U.L. Component Recognition (file no. MH12542). The battery's components are both chemically and thermally stable before, during, and after discharge. The electrolyte is both non-corrosive and non-toxic. RECOGNIZED UNDER THE COMPONENT PROGRAM OF UNDERWRITERS LABOR- ATORIES(R) INC. Safety Comparisons of Lithium Systems Battery System/ IEC Nomenclature Lithium CarbonMonofluoride Li/(CF) BR x Lithium Manganese Dioxide Li/Mn02 CR Class Cathode Electrolyte Salt Material Electrolyte Salt Property Electrolyte Solvent Solid Poly-Carbon Cathode Monofluoride Solid Stable Lithium Tetra Fluoroborate LiBF4 Stable Propylene Carbonate & 1,2 Dimethozyethane (PC & DME) Solid Cathode Manganese Dioxide Solid Stable Lithium Perchlorate LiCI04 Explosive PC & DME Thionyl Chloride Liquid Toxic Corrosive Lithium Tetra Chloroaluminate LiAICI4 Corrosive Thionyl Chloride (S0CI2) Lithium Thionyl Chloride Solid LiS0CI2 Cathode Cathode Material Figure 7 5 G. Charging Characteristics Formula to calculate charge current: Although any charging of BR Lithium cells is to be avoided, some charging may occur even in a well designed electrical circuit due to leakage current of the protecting diodes. The diode used in a circuit design with a BR Lithium cell should minimize leakage to within 3% of the rated capacity of the cell over the lifetime of the cell's use. Figure 8 below provides the maximum total charge allowance for all cell sizes. Figure 9, which illus trates these limits as they apply to the BR1225 cell size at various drain rates, follows. Imax(nA) = 114.15 x c t Where: Imax = M aximum allowable charge current in nanoAmperes (nA) c = Maximum total charge capacity in mAh from table above t = Time on charge in years Maximum Total Charge Allowance Cell Size Rated Capacity 3% of Capacity BR1225 50 mAh 1.50 mAh BR1632 130 mAh 3.90 mAh BR2032 195 mAh 5.85 mAh BR2335 300 mAh 9.00 mAh Figure 8 H. High Altitude Exposure It is possible for components to be exposed toreduced pressures during shipment by air. Rayovac(R) BR Lithium batteries that were tested at reduced pressures of 3 mm mercury for 10 days and then discharged at normal rates exhibited the followingresults: 1. No change in cell appearance. 2. No observed leakage. 3. No change in resulting capacity. 100 Time on Charge (Years) Maximum Total Charge Allowance More than 3% of Capacity 10 Less than 3% of Capacity 1 BR1225 .1 .0001 .001 .01 .1 1 10 Figure 9 I. Leakage Resistance The electrolyte in BR Lithium batteries is based on an organic solvent instead of a corrosive alkaline or acidic solution found in most conventional batteries. This greatly improves the cell's leakage resistance and guards against the negative effects caused by leakage. J. Orientation Since Rayovac(R) batteries use solid active com ponents, the performance characteristics described are obtained regardless of the installation position. 6 IX: Product Specifications BR Lithium Coin Cell A. Specification Table Rayovac(R) BR Lithium coin cells are available in a wide variety of tab and pin mounting configurations. See Product Availability Table (page 14) for a list of the most popular items. Part Number Rated Nominal Capacity (mAh) Nominal Pulse Capability (mA*) BR1225 50 5 Dimensions NEDA Number IEC Number 0.30 5020LB BR1225 Diameter (mm) Height (mm) Weight (g) Volume (cc) 12.5 2.5 0.8 BR1632 130 10 16.0 3.2 1.6 0.63 Not Assigned BR1632 BR2032 195 10 20.0 3.2 2.4 1.00 5004LB BR2032 BR2335 300 10 23.0 3.5 3.4 1.45 Not Assigned BR2335 Figure 10 * Consult Rayovac(R) OEM Engineering Division for assistance in determining pulse capability for your application. 7 B. Typical Discharge Curves BR1225 Figure 12 Figure 11 Figure 13 BR1632 Figure 15 Figure 14 Figure 16 8 BR2032 Figure 18 Figure 17 Figure 19 BR2335 Figure 21 Figure 20 Figure 22 9 C. Dimensional Drawing BR1225X-BA For illustration only. Contact Rayovac for complete specifications. BR1225T2R-B .492" BR1225SR2-B .492" Tab Detail: Figure 41 (+) .120" .400" (-) .098" (+) (-) .120" (+) (-) .366" .492" .747" .193" Tab Detail: Figure 42 .310" .094" .114" Figure 23 BR1225T2-B Figure 24 BR1225T2V-BA Figure 25 BR1225T3H-B .220" .150" .492" .492" Tab Detail: Figure 41 Tab Detail: Figure 43 .492" .065" .130" .400" (+) (-) .120" Tab Detail: Figure 41 .270" .387" Figure 26 .400" .150" .712" .270" (-) .125" (+) .020" .115" Figure 27 (-) (+) .110" Figure 28 Please Note: Current Rayovac(R) BR Lithium products are not compatible with Surface Mount Technology (SMT) soldering processes due to the extreme temperatures required for reflow. Batteries should be added as a secondary operation. 10 For illustration only. Contact Rayovac for complete specifications. BR1632R81-BA BR1632T2-BA BR1632-BA .627 .626" .600" Tab Detail: Figure 41 (+) (-) (-) .120" .244" .387" (+) .402 .758 .758 .684 .329 .238 .238 .329 .136+-.010 .630" .126" .365+-.010 Figure 29 .080+-.010 Figure 31 Figure 30 Conversion Chart Inches 0.020 0.065 0.094 0.098 0.102 0.110 0.114 0.115 0.120 0.125 0.126 0.130 0.138 0.150 0.153 0.154 0.180 0.193 0.200 0.216 Millimeters 0.51 1.65 2.39 2.49 2.59 2.79 2.90 2.92 3.05 3.18 3.20 3.30 3.51 3.81 3.89 3.91 4.57 4.90 5.08 5.49 Inches 0.220 0.231 0.242 0.244 0.266 0.270 0.288 0.300 0.310 0.357 0.359 0.366 0.387 0.400 0.415 0.417 0.492 0.550 0.600 0.625 Millimeters 5.59 5.91 6.14 6.20 6.76 6.86 7.32 7.62 7.87 9.07 9.12 9.30 9.90 10.16 10.54 10.59 12.50 13.97 15.24 15.88 Inches 0.626 0.630 0.684 0.700 0.712 0.747 0.770 0.787 0.800 0.817 0.898 0.928 0.984 1.018 1.130 1.250 1.270 2.040 Millimeters 15.90 16.12 17.37 17.78 18.08 18.97 19.56 19.99 20.32 20.75 22.81 23.57 24.99 25.90 28.70 31.80 32.30 51.82 Please Note: Current Rayovac(R) BR Lithium products are not compatible with Surface Mount Technology (SMT) soldering processes due to the extreme temperatures required for reflow. Batteries should be added as a secondary operation. 11 For illustration only. Contact Rayovac for complete specifications. BR2032-BA BR2032T2-BA BR2032T2K-BA .787" .800" Tab Detail: Figure 41 (+) (-) .120" .242" .600" Tab Detail: Figure 41 (+) (-) (-) .120" .359" .242" .359" (+) .126" .787" .787" Figure 33 BR2032T3L-BA Figure 34 BR2335-BA .787" Tab Detail: Figure 44 (+) .120" .400" (-) BR2335SM-BA (+) .817" .625" 1.250" (-) .357" (+) .550" .138 Figure 36 BR2335T2-BA .102" (-) .216" (+) .898" .180" .898 .700" Figure 35 Figure 37 .154" .153" Tab Detail: Figure 42 Figure 38 BR2335T3L-BA .898" Tab Detail: Figure 50 .700" .800" .120" (+) (-) .231" .387" .898" Tab Detail: Figure 44 (+) .400" (-) .120" .244" (+) .387" .550" Figure 39 Figure 40 Please Note: Current Rayovac(R) BR Lithium products are not compatible with Surface Mount Technology (SMT) soldering processes due to the extreme temperatures required for reflow. Batteries should be added as a secondary operation. 12 Tab and Pin Detail For illustration only. Contact Rayovac for complete specifications. Through Hole Tab Detail SM and SR Tab Detail Tab Style A Tab Style B 90 .005 REF PRETINNED AREA .030 .019 45 .150 .170 .025 TINNED AREA .022 .102 .019 .013 .032 .001 NO TAPER Figure 41 T3H Tab Detail Tab Style E T3L Positive Tab Detail POSITIVE TAB Tab Style F .100" .55 .02 TAB WIDTH POSITIVE TAB .400 .039" .030" Figure 42 + .032 - .000 .003 + .039 - .000 .003 .039 R 45 .378" .150" .242" Figure 43 Figure 44 Pin Detail .027" DIA Please Note: Current Rayovac(R) BR Lithium products are not compatible with Surface Mount Technology (SMT) soldering processes due to the extreme temperatures required for reflow. Batteries should be added as a secondary operation. Figure 45 13 X: Product Availability & Cross Reference Table Stock Number Description Interchangeable Figure Tab Style Numbers Numbers Case Quantity BR1225X-BA 3.0 volt, 50 mAh coin cell BR1225 23 N/A 1,680 BR1225T2R-B BR1225 with 2 tabs - 24 A 1,000 BR1225SR2-B BR1225 Surface Mount Style - 25 B 1,540 BR1225T2-B BR1225 with 2 tabs BR1225-1HB 26 A 800 BR1225SM-B BR1225 Surface Mount Style - - B 1,540 BR1225T2V-BA BR1225 with 2 tabs - Vertical Mount BR1225-1VB 27 A 1,690 BR1225T3H-B BR1225 with 2 tabs, 3 stands - Horizontal Mount - 28 E 1,000 BR1632-BA 3.0 volt, 130 mAh coin cell - 29 N/A 740 BR1632T2-BA BR1632 with 2 tabs - 30 A 450 BR1632R81-BA BR1632 Surface Mount Style - 31 A 1,000 BR2032-BA 3.0 volt, 195 mAh coin cell BR2032 33 N/A 680 BR2032T2-BA BR2032 with 2 tabs BR2032-1HE1 34 A 500 BR2032T2K-BA BR2032 with 2 tabs BR2032-1HSE* 35 A 539 BR2032T3L-BA BR2032 with 2 tabs, 3 stands BR2032-1GS** 36 F 500 BR2335-BA 3.0 volt, 300 mAh coin cell BR2330** 37 N/A 560 BR2335SM-BA BR2335 Surface Mount Style - 38 B 450 BR2335T2-BA BR2335 with 2 tabs BR2330-1HE** 39 A 500 BR2335T3L-BA BR2335 with 2 tabs, 3 stands BR2330-1GU** 40 F 500 FB1225H2-B 3.0 Parallel Series, 6.0 Series - 48 N/A 384 FB2032H2-BA 3.0 Parallel Series, 6.0 Series - 49 N/A 150 * Suffix "A" is to designate new case quantity * Suffix "B" designates bulk packaged ** Height difference - closest equivalent 14 XI: FB Lithium Carbon-monofluoride Batteries Rayovac(R) FB batteries consist of two Lithium Carbon-monofluoride coin cells encapsulated within a glass filled polyester molded housing. The FB series of batteries are configured to allow for series or parallel interconnection between the cells. FB batteries utilize Rayovac(R) BR Lithium Carbonmonofluoride technology to assure the greatest reliability at very wide temperatures and the lowest self-discharge rate. A. Features B. Typical Applications * Meets or exceeds typical hermetically sealed * Time/data protection battery shelf life vs. temperature capability * Industrial control Operating Temperature Range: -40C to + -100C (-40F to +212F) * Communication equipment *P CB mountable, wave solderable, and process tolerant * Portable Instruments * Application flexibility * Inherently safe chemistry * Application flexibility * Robotically placeable C. Specification Table Part Number Nominal Nominal Nominal Pulse Voltage (volts) Capacity (mA) Capacity (mA*) Dimensions Width Length Height** Weight Volume 2.00 cc (6.12 in3) FB1225H2-B 3.0 Parallel 6.0 Series 100 Parallel 50 Series 16 Parallel 8 Series 15.9 mm 15.9 mm (0.625) (0.625) 10.3 mm (0.405) 4.2 g (0.15 oz.) FB2032H2-BA 3.0 Parallel 6.0 Series 390 Parallel 195 Series 20 Parallel 10 Series 25.4 mm 25.4 mm (1.000) (1.000) 10.8 mm (0.425) 11.9 g 6.14 cc (0.42 oz.) (0.375 in3) * Consult Rayovac OEM Engineering Division for assistance in determining pulse capability for your application. ** Height above circuit board. NEDA and IEC numbers have not been assigned to FB products. 15 D. Typical Discharge Curves FB2032H2 Typical Battery Discharge Curves FB1225H2 Typical Battery Discharge Curves (Refer to page 9 for individual cell) (Refer to page 8 for individual cell) 6.0 6.0 Series Connected 3.0 0.0 Voltage Voltage Series Connected Parallel Connected 0 25 50 Capacity 75 100 3.0 0.0 Parallel Connected 0 100 200 Capacity 300 400 Figure 46 E. Dimensional Drawing FB1225H2 .100" B2 (+) B1 (+) .400" .625" B1 (-) B2 (-) .625" .400" .375" .405" .555" Figure 47 For illustration only. Contact Rayovac for complete specifications. Conversion Chart Inches Millimeters 0.100 2.5 .375 9.5 .395 10.0 .400 10.2 .405 10.3 .425 10.8 .555 14.1 .575 14.6 .625 15.9 .700 17.8 1.000 25.14 FB2032H2 .395" .425" .575" .700" .100" B2 (+) B1 (+) .700" 1.000" B1 (-) B2 (-) 1.000" Figure 48 Figure 49 Please Note: Current Rayovac(R) BR Lithium products are not compatible with Surface Mount Technology (SMT) soldering processes due to the extreme temperatures required for reflow. Batteries should be added as a secondary operation. 16 XII: Recommended Storage, Handling and Disposal Procedures A. Storage and Date Codes C. Handling and Shipping BR Lithium cells and FB Lithium batteries are electrochemical devices which depend upon internal chemical reactions to produce electrical power. These reactions are accelerated by high temperatures and retarded by low temperatures. Therefore, to minimize power loss during storage, batteries should be stored at ambient temperature, 21C (70F). Storage at lower temperatures is not necessary nor recommended due to the possibility of shorting from moisture condensation. Batteries are vulnerable to short circuiting if not handled, packaged, or transported properly. Cell types which have their positive and negative terminations in close proximity to each other, or tabbed cells, are particularly susceptible to short circuiting if not handled properly. In prototyping and assembly operations, care should be taken to avoid placing these products on conductive antistatic mats. To maximize battery power, the following storage procedures should be observed: 1. Rotate inventory. Maintain a first in, first out method of stock storage and usage. The manu facture date of Rayovac(R) cells and batteries are identified by a date code stamped on the indi vidual products. 2. A void storage in high temperature areas. Make sure that cells and batteries are stored away from hot air vents, radiators, motors, and equipment that generates heat. Avoid storage near windows or skylights where the sun can generate heat. B. General Precautions *B R Lithium cells & FB Lithium batteries should not be inserted improperly, recharged, or disposed of in fire *T ake precautions to insure correct polarity of the battery in the device * Recharging of batteries may cause leakage * Never short-circuit, disassemble, or subject batteries to excessive heat * Never expose Lithium to moisture * Do not solder directly to battery case * Improper welding can damage internal compo nents and impair battery performance *D amaged or penetrated batteries could present a fire hazard. Handle all damaged batteries with this caution in mind. To avoid potential short circuit and shipping damage situations: 1. Always store the batteries in the trays and/or cartons in which they were shipped. Whenever possible, reship the batteries in undamaged original trays and/or cartons. 2. R ayovac offers individually packaged cells and batteries, designated by a "-1" suffix on the part number. This allows for the safe handling and transport of batteries in smaller quantities. 3. N ever ship batteries or completed circuit boards with installed batteries in anti-static bags as the bags are conductive and will short out the battery. 4. Use caution with measuring equipment. Insulate metal micrometers and calipers with tape to avoid short circuiting batteries during dimen sional checks. 5. Make sure batteries installed in equipment are securely or permanently installed prior to packaging. D. Transportation Regulations Transportation of Lithium batteries is regulated by the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT), the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), International Air Transport Association (IATA) and the UN International Maritime Organization (IMO). For Rayovac(R) BR and FB solid cathode Lithium metal coin cells and batteries, the quantity of Lithium metal is one of two key determinants that define the applicable regulations and re quirements with the other key being the mode of transportation. For the Lithium quantity: Rayovac(R) BR Lithium coin cells contain less than 0.3 grams of Lithium metal and Rayovac(R) FB Lithium batteries contain less than 17 .03 gram of Lithium metal. one package at 2.5 kg per consignee per day. PI 968-II requires the Lithium battery warning label, Cargo Aircraft Only label and a warning letter on the carton. When shipping multiple cartons of Lithium metal cells or batteries per consignee per day see PI 968-IB. It requires the Lithium Battery warning label, Cargo Aircraft Only label, Class 9 label, UN # & proper shipping name and a warning letter on each carton. Overpacks are permitted. See PI 969 for Lithium metal cells or batteries packed with equipment and PI 970 for Lithium metal cells or batteries contained in equipment as the shipping requirements will be different. All of Rayovac's BR Lithium cells and FB Lithium batteries meet the following requirements: 1. Ground/Domestic a. U SDOT Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Part 173.185. USDOT requires a label on all shipping cartons noting the Lithium metal cells/batteries are forbidden on passenger aircraft, even on those cartons shipped only via highway, rail or vessel transportation. These Rayovac(R) cells and batteries must be packaged in an inner carton and a strong shipping carton meeting the requirements of part 178, subparts L and M at the Packing Group II performance level. They must be packed in a manner to prevent short circuits including movement that could lead to short circuits. 2. Air ICAO and IATA, these cells or batteries can qualify for Packing Instruction (PI) 968-II when shipped alone. Note this exemption only allows 3. Ocean International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG). See special provision 188 and 230. The Rayovac(R) cells and batteries must be packed in strong shipping cartons and packed to prevent short circuits. 4. ROHs compliant Lead Free (pb Free) Transportation Regulations The table below summarizes the specific requirements for each agency. United States International Regulatory Agency U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) 1. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) 2. International Ait Transportation Association (IATA) Regulation Title 49 CFR 173.185 IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations Authorized Modes of Transportation All modes (Air - by cargo aircraft only) Air - by cargo aircraft only Testing Required These Rayovac(R) cells and batteries have passed the UN Model Regulations, Manual of Test and Criteria, Part III, subsection 38.3 These Rayovac(R) cells and batteries have passed the UN Model Regulations, Manual of Test and Criteria, Part III, subsection 38.3 Special Packaging Use an inner carton inside a strong outer shipping carton Use an inner carton inside a strong outer shipping carton. Gross weight can be no more than 2.5 kg. For PI. 968-II Hazard Class and Required Shipping Name UN3090, Class 9. See exceptions for smaller UN3090, Class 9 but exempted by meeting the requirecells or batteries in 173.185 ments of PI 968-II Labels Required Forbidden on passenger aircraft - all. Lithium warning label Lithium warning label cargo aircraft only label Lithium Metal Limits Cells: 1.0 gram Batteries: 2.0 grams Cells: 1.0 gram Batteries: 2.0 grams 18 E. Disposal This statement is provided as a service to those who may want information concerning the safe disposal of waste Rayovac(R) BR and FB (Lithium Carbonmonofluoride) battery products for the USA. These products may be distinguished from other battery products by the presence of the letters BR or FB in the product designation, and are manufactured in a disk or "coin" shape and square modules. This information does not apply to any other Lithium chemistry or Lithium Carbon-monofluoride products in other form factors. Note: Where regulations regarding management of spent/waste Lithium batteries exist outside of the USA, they generally differ significantly from United States regulations. For information regarding recommended disposal and management practices in regions or countries other than the USA, please contact Rayovac at 1-800-237-7000 within the USA, or 608-275-3340 if outside the USA. Regarding Rayovac(R) BR Lithium cells and FB Lithium battery waste battery management in the USA: Waste BR Lithium cells and FB Lithium batteries are neither listed nor exempted from the USEPA hazardous waste regulations. Waste BR and FB Lithium products can be considered reactive hazardous waste if there is a significant amount of unreacted, or unconsumed Lithium remaining. This potential problem may be avoided by discharging waste cells and batteries prior to disposal. One tested method for doing this is to place small quan tities of BR Lithium cells or FB Lithium batteries into a metal container with sufficient graphite to cover and surround the individual cells. This procedure will discharge the cells in approxi mately two weeks to the point where no reactive Lithium remains. The cells may then be disposed of as nonhazardous waste in an ordinary landfill under Federal regulations. The graphite can be reused many times, as needed, or can be disposed of as nonhazardous waste. management options could be. Always review your choice of firm before sending wastes. Cautions Under United States Federal law, waste generators are responsible for their wastes. Be sure to check your regional, national, or local regulations as they may differ significantly. Always remember that waste battery products may still have considerable energy remaining in them. Handle such products with care and in accordance with applicable USDOT, IATA, or ICAO regulations. F. Soldering Rayovac's BR and FB component class Lithium batteries are suitable for direct soldering onto printed circuit boards (PCB). A welded tab or pin soldered to a PCB will ensure the highest contact reliability available. Observe these precautions to assure life-of-product reliability: 1.Hand Soldering Never solder directly to cell cases. The resultant heat will cause permanent internal damage to the cell. Soldering of tabbed batteries should be ac complished with a low wattage soldering iron by applying heat just long enough to achieve a good connection. 2.Wave Soldering During the period when the battery tabs or pins are in the solder bath, the battery is short circuit ed. If this period is kept to under 5 seconds the battery capacity loss will be minimized. Following a short circuit the battery voltage will recover to above 2.5 volts almost immediately while full re covery to its final working voltage may take hours or even days. This characteristic must be taken into account when making electrical measure ments on recovering batteries or when establish ing manufacturing pass/fail points. Other Disposal Methods For a list of facilities with demonstrated ability to manage waste BR Lithium cells and FB Lithium battery products as hazardous waste, please click here. The list is not guaranteed to be all inclusive, nor does it seek to exclude potential service suppliers. Rayovac provides it as a customer service to assist the customer in determining what their 3.Surface Mount Technology Rayovac offers a full line of surface mount Lithium cells configurations. These cells are indicated by the suffix "SM" or "SR" in the stock number. The surface mount batteries have configurations that allow for easy board mounting. 19 Current BR and FB Lithium products are not compatible with Surface Mount Technology (SMT) soldering processes due to the extreme temperatures required for reflow. Batteries should be added as a secondary operation. Mixed technology boards that utilize both SMT and traditional through-hole components have been successfully fabricated. G. Washing It is important that PCB wash techniques are compatible with Rayovac's Lithium BR and FB batteries. The seals of these batteries are polypropylene and solvents that attack this material should be avoided. The most common Freon types and deionized water have shown to be acceptable cleaning solvents. Rayovac should be consulted if there is any possibility of process related battery damage. XIII: U.L. Component Recognition Rayovac(R) BR Lithium batteries have been accepted by Underwriters Laboratories under their Component Recognition Program and carries U.L. File Number MH 12542. All recognized Lithium batteries can be identified by the symbol located on the data sheet. For use in UL listed devices, these Lithium batteries must be used in accordance to the following U.L. conditions of acceptability. RECOGNIZED UNDER THE COMPONENT PROGRAM OF UNDERWRITERS LABOR- ATORIES(R) INC. A. Conditions of Acceptability The use of these cells may be considered generally acceptable under the conditions given below: These cells should not be connected in series with any other (other than the allowed number of cells in series) power source that would increase the forward current through the cells 5. The circuit for these cells should include one of the following: A. T wo suitable diodes or the equivalent in series with the cells to prevent any reverse (charging) current. The second diode is used to provide protection in the event that one should fail. Quality control, or equivalent procedures shall be established by the device's manufacturer to insure the diode polarity is correct for each unit. - or - B. A blocking diode or equivalent to prevent reverse (charging) current, and in the event of diode failure, the cell shall be further protected against reverse (charging) current in excess of the values shown in chart to the right. The measurement of this current shall include ap propriate abnormal tests. Maximum Reverse Charging Currents for Rayovac(R) BR Lithium Coin Cells Cell Models Maximum Current (mA) BR1225 3.0 BR1632 3.0 BR2032 3.0 BR2335 5.0 FB1225 3.0 FB2032 3.0 1. The cells are identified with producer's name and model designation on the cell. 2. T hese cells are intended for use as components in devices where servicing of the circuitry involving the cells and replacement of the Lithium cells will be done by a trained technician. 3. T hese cells are intended for use at ordinary temperatures where anticipated high temperature excursions are not expected to exceed 100C (212F). 4. These cells can be used in series up to a maximum of four cells of the same model number. When used in series, they should all be replaced at the same time using fresh cells only. Please Note: Current Rayovac(R) BR Lithium products are not compatible with Surface Mount Technology (SMT) soldering processes due to the extreme temperatures required for reflow. Batteries should be added as a secondary operation. 20 B. Protective Battery Circuits For D1/D2 use Low reverse leakage current Silicon diodes. Do not use low power Schottky diodes. Protective Diodes and Limiting Resistor Protective Redundant Diodes Diode or Transistor Switch Diode or Transistor Switch Vcc Vcc D1 Circuit D1 D2 R1 B1 B1 Circuit Notice This publication is furnished only as a guide. It is the user's responsibility to determine suitability of the products described for the user's purpose (even if the use is described herein) and to take precautions for protection against any hazards attendant to the handling and use of the products. Rayovac recommends prospective users test each application. The battery products and arrangements described herein may be covered by patents owned by Rayovac or others. Neither this disclosure nor the sale of products by Rayovac conveys any license under patent claims covering combinations of battery products with other elements or devices. Rayovac does not assume liability for patent infringement arising from any use of the products by the purchaser. The technical data contained herein are not designed to be the basis for specifications. Rayovac's OEM Engineering Division can furnish data that can serve as the basis for specifications. Rayovac Corporation * 3001 Deming Way * Middleton, WI 53562-1431 Telephone: 608-275-4694 * Fax: 608-288-7431 * e-mail: oem@rayovac.com (c)2016 Spectrum Brands, Inc. * R5740 21