HEWLETT Cy exckano Four Character 5.0mm (0.2 in.) Smart 5 x 7 Alphanumeric Displays Technical Data HDLX-2416 Series Features Description Bn Enhanced Drop-in Replace- These are 5.0 mm (0.2 inch) 22 ment to HPDL-2416 four character 5 x 7 dot matrix Pa Smart Alphanumeric displays driven by an on-board a Display CMOS IC, These displays are Built-in RAM, ASCII Decoder, and LED Drive Circuitry CMOS IC for Low Power Consumption Software Controlled Dimming Levels and Blank 128 ASCII Character Set End-Stackable * Categorized for Luminous pin for pin compatible with the HPDL-2416. The IC stores and decodes 7 bit ASCII data and displays it using a 5 x 7 font. Multiplexing circuitry, and drivers are also part of the IC. The IC has fast setup and hold times which makes it easy to interface to a microprocessor. I ity; YE : : GREEN Categorie ene Absolute Maximum Ratings Color Supply Voltage, Vj, to Ground) eee -0.5 V to 7.0 V * Low Power and Sunlight Input Voltage, Any Pin to Ground... -0.5 V to Vy) + 0.5 Vv Viewable AlGaAs Versions Free Air Operating Temperature Range, T, ..........-.. -40C to +85C * Wide Operating Storage Temperature, Ty ....c:ccecccserrseseeceseeesenesenes -40C to 100C Temperature Range CMOS IC Junction Temperature, T, (IC) 0... ccceetsseteeeerees +150C -40C to +85C Relative Humidity (non-condensing) at 65C 000... ee 85% * Excellent ESD Protection Maximum Solder Temperature, 1.59 mm * Wave Solderable (0.063 in.) below Seating Plane, t <5 sec. 0... cece 260C ESD Protection, R = 1.5 kQ, C = 100 pF ............. V, = 2 kV (each pin) * Wide Viewing Angle roe P me (50 typ) Note: 1. Maximum Voltage is with no LEDs illuminated. Devices: Standard Red | AlGaAs Red | High Efficiency Red Orange Yellow Green HDLR-2416 new HDLS-2416 HDLO-2416 HDLA-2416 | HDLY-2416 | HDLG-2416 New HDLU-2416 WITH THE HDLX-2416 ESD WARNING: STANDARD CMOS HANDLING PRECAUTIONS SHOULD BE OBSERVED 4-123The address and data inputs can be directly connected to the microprocessor address and data buses. The HDLX-2416 has several enhancements over the HPDL- 2416. These features include an expanded character set, internal 8 level dimming control, exter- nal dimming capability, and individual digit blanking. Finally, the extended functions Package Dimensions g 1 a 2 7 i tye can be disabled which allows the HDLX-2416 to operate exactly like an HPDL-2416 by disabling all of the enhance- ments except the expanded character set. The difference between the sunlight viewable HDLS-2416 and the low power HDLU-2416 occurs at power-on or at the default brightness level. Follow- ing power up, the HDLS-2416 none REF 7 I l I l | 10.16 peel | 0.400 I l I I l IMAGE rane | [ Jaz. ner - 0.25 0.13 0.010 2 005 t+ 15.24 0 | j 2.41 operates at the 100% brightness level, while the HDLU-2416 operates at the 27% brightness level. Power on sets the internal brightness control (bits 3-5) in the control register to binary code (000), For the HDLS-2416 binary code (000) corresponds to a 100% brightness level, and for the HDLU-2416 binary code (000) corresponds to a 27% brightness level. The other seven brightness levels are identical for both parts. TYe 0.060 0.098 7 PART NUMBER 7 DATE GODE IVEAR, WEEK) { _- LUMINOUS INTENSITY * 6.60 |. -- COLOR BIN (3) 3260 HDLX-2416 YYWW XZ et f Vy IT 406 REF __ 0160 ft 0.085 if af os we L. PESO tye Pin Pin No. Function No. Function 1 CE, Chip Enable 10 GND 2 cE CE, Chip Enable 11 D, Data Input Notes: 3 CLR Clear 12 D, Data Input 1, Unless otherwise specified the tolerance 4 CUE Cursor Enable 13 D, Data Input on all dimensions is 0.254 mm (+0.010") 5 CU Cursor Select 14 | D, Data Input 2. All dimensions are in mm/inches. 6 WR Write 15 D, Data Input 3. For yellow and green displays only. 7 A, Address Input 16 D, Data Input 8 A, Address Input 17 D, Data Input 9 | V,, 18 | BL Display Blank 4-124ES I Fle) ORE hiarney Q 4-125 1 level 1 High Character Set rf O|Ti(N/S] eo a o 7 wo 6 o]/olalalz ~ b4 - ) 7 o 7 sw - 4 98 8 + - <O 8 o - re - a 2 Low GC level NotesRecommended Operating Conditions Parameter Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit Supply Voltage Vop 4.5 5.0 5.5 Vv Electrical Characteristics Over Operating Temperature Range 4.5 <V.,, < 5.5 V (unless otherwise specified) All Devices 25C!) Parameter Symbol Min. | Typ. | Max. | Max. | Units Test Conditions Ip Blank Typ (blnk) 1.0 4.0 mA All Digits Blanked Input Current I, -40 10 pA Vinz=OVtoV,,, Vip = 5-0 V Input Voltage High Vin 2.0 Von v Input Voltage Low Vit GND 0.8 HDLO/HDLA/HDLY/HDLG-2416 26C) Parameter Symbol Min. | Typ. | Max. | Max. | Units Test Conditions Inp 4 digits Ip) 110 130 160 mA "#" ON in all four 20 dots/character? locations I, Cursor all Ipp (CU) 92 110 135 mA Cursor ON in all dots ON @ 50% four locations HDLS/HDLU-2416 25Cu) Part Number Parameter Symbol | Typ. | Max. | Max. | Units | Test Conditions HDLS-2416 Typ 4 digits Ip) 125 146 | 180 mA_ | Four "#" ON in 20 dots/character?"! all four locations HDLU-2416 34 42 52 HDLS-2416 I jp Cursor all dots I,y(CU) 105 124 | 154 mA Four cursors ON ON @ 50% in all four locations HDLU-2416 29 36 45 HDLR-2416 25 Cul Parameter Symbol Min. | Typ. | Max. | Max. | Units Test Conditions 1, 4 digits Typ 125 146 180 mA "#" ON in all four 20 dots/character!?! locations I, Cursor I,p(CU) 105 124 154 mA Cursor ON in all all dots ON @ 50% four locations Notes: L.Vpp = 5.0V 2. Average I, measured at full brightness. Peak Typ = 28/15 x Average I, (#). 3. 1,,(#) max. = 130 mA for HDLO/HDLA/HDLY/HDLG.-24 16, 146 mA for HDLR/HDLS-2416, and 42 mA for HDLU-2416 at default brightness, 150C IC junction temperature and Vpp = 5.5 V. 4-126Optical Characteristics at 25C") Voy = 5.0 V at Full Brightness HDLR-2416 Parameter Symbol | Min. | Typ. Units Test Conditions Average Luminous l 0.5 11 med *" iHuminated in all four digits. Intensity per digit, 19 dots ON Character Average Peak Wavelength Iuneax 655 nm Dominant Wavelength a, 640 nm HDLS/HDLU-2416 Part Number| Parameter Symbol ; Min. Typ. | Units | Test Conditions HDLS-2416 Average Luminous I 4.0 12.7 med *" Numinated in all Fa a Intensity per digit, four digits, 19 dots ON = HDLU-2416 Character Average 1.2 3.1 med per digit. Psa All Peak Wavelength pean 645 nm = Dominant Wavelength! 4 637 nm HDLO-2416 Parameter Symbol | Min. Typ. Units Test Conditions Average Luminous ly 1.2 3.5 med *" jluminated in all four digits. Intensity per digit, 19 dots ON Character Average Peak Wavelength Atax 635 nm Dominant Wavelength?! 4 626 nm HDLA-2416 Parameter Symbol | Min. | Typ. Units Test Conditions Average Luminous I 12 3.5 med *" iuminated in all four digits. Intensity per digit, 19 dots ON Character Average Peak Wavelength nea _| 600 nm Dominant Wavelength a | 602 nm HDLY-2416 Parameter Symbol | Min. Typ. Units Test Conditions Average Luminous I, 1.2 3.7 mcd "*" jluminated in all four digits. Intensity per digit, 19 dots ON Character Average Peak Wavelength Ayeak 583 nm Dominant Wavelength! ha 585 nm 4-127HDLG-2416 Parameter Symbol | Min. | Typ. | Units Test Conditions Average Luminous ly 1.2 5.6 med *" illuminated in all four digits. Intensity per digit, 19 dots ON Character Average Peak Wavelength NezaK 568 nm Dominant Wavelength ra 574 nm Notes: 1. Refers to the initial case temperature of the device immediately prior to the light measurement. 2. Dominant wavelength, 4,, is derived from the CIE chromaticity diagram, and represents the single wavelength which defines the color of the device. AC Timing Characteristics Over Operating Temperature Range at V,, = 4.5 V Parameter Symbol Min Units Address Setup tys 10 ns Address Hold tan 40 ns Data Setup 8 50 ns Data Hold H 40 ns Chip Enable Setup tors 0 ns Chip Enable Hold tory 0 ns Write Time ty 15 ns Clear tour 10 pis Clear Disable tourn 1 pis Timing Diagram Enlarged Character Font renee) oso(oom Ml SEB o-Ay 00 aay sooo | ! euene | a ERBBAH EH w200 7 BSEBBE ; Beeae 0.26 (0.010) a s EB Do-Ds z0V _.| |. 0.900.031) TYP | | | T | | Le tog L. tonal NOTES 4 1, UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED THE TOLERANCE ON ALL DIMENSIONS ($ * 0.254 mm (0.010 IN.} 2. DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETRES (INCHES). qQ al 4-128Electrical Description Pin Function Description Chip Enable (CE, and CE,, pins 1 and 2) CE, and CE, must be a logic 0 to write to the display. Clear (CLR, pin 3) When CLR is a logic 0 the ASCII RAM is reset to 20hex (space) and the Control Register/ Attribute RAM is reset to O0hex. Cursor Enable (CUE pin 4) CUE determines whether the IC displays the ASCH or the Cursor memory. (1 = Cursor, 0 = ASCID. Cursor Select CU determines whether data is stored in the (CU, pin 5) ASCII RAM or the Attribute RAM/Control Register. (1 = ASCII, 0 = Attribute RAM/Control Register). Write WR must be a logic 0 to store data in the (WR, pin 6) display. Address A,-A, selects a specific location in the display Inputs memory. Address 00 accesses the far right (A, and A,, display location. Address 11 accesses the far pins 8 and 7) left location. Data Inputs D,-D, are used to specify the input data for the (D,-D,, display. pins 11-17) Von Vpp is the positive power supply input. (pin 9) GND GND is the display ground. (pin 10) Blanking BL is used to flash the display, blank the Input display or to dim the display. (BL, pin 18) 4-129 Display Internal Block Diagram Figure 1 shows the HDLX-2416 display internal block diagram. The CMOS IC consists of a4x7 Character RAM, a 2 x 4 Attrib- ute RAM, a 5 bit Control Regis- ter, a 128 character ASCII decoder and the refresh circuitry necessary to synchronize the decoding and driving of four 5 x 7 dot matrix displays. Four 7 bit ASCII words are stored in the Character RAM. The IC reads the ASCII data and decodes it via the 128 character ASCH decoder. The ASCII decoder includes the 64 character set of the HPDL-2416, 32 lower case ASCII symbols, and 32 foreign language sym- bols. 8 ra irvegs Ee ar zo. a Pa wo) iat < A 5 bit word is stored in the Control] Register. Three fields within the Control Register provide an 8 level brightness control, master blank, and extended functions disable. For each display digit location, two bits are stored in the Attrib- ute RAM. One bit is used to enable a cursor character at each digit location. A second bit is used to individually disable the blanking features at each digit location. The display is blanked and dimmed through an internal blanking input on the row drivers. Logic within the IC allows the user todimthe _ display either through the BL input or through the brightness control in the control register. Similarly the display can be blanked through the BL input, the Master Blank in the Control Register, or the Digit Blank Disable in the Attribute RAM.CHARACTER/CURSOR CHAAACTER RAM ASCII DECODER MULTIPLEXER 2 WAITE DATA gi CHARACTER Ao Ainy ADORESS out 7 SELECT 7 COLUMN ii Do - 0 f+ BATAIN 1 0 - O6 p ai ml al ml z CHARACTER: CURSOR WRITE MULTIPLEXER | = 3 {4x7} a: cl Z2_]| READ 3_] Row cursor __ 4 7 ADDRESS + SELECT CHARACTER cLR SELECT eta _____] ATTRIBUTE RAM Go DIGIT CUASOR a DIGIT BLANK ' DISABLE WRITE ADDRESS. Ag - Ay (24) WRITE fe 7 READ ADDRESS CLR CONTROL REGISTER COLUMN ORIVERS Row MASTER DAIVERS { BLANK Row SELE cr DISPLAY BLANK 3_]| BRIGHTNESS D5 Ds-Ds LEVELS EXTENDED Dg j] FUNCTIONS DISPLAY al al * a a we a oO zD 3 Or ec a ~ DIGITAL DUTY -- CONTROL 4(LS8's} Osc +32 . +7 ({2(MSB's} 7 Figure 1. Internal Block Diagram 4-130Display Clear Data stored in the Character RAM, Control Register, and Attribute RAM will be cleared if the clear (CLR) is held low for a minimum of 10 ps. Note that the display will be cleared regardless of the state of the chip enables (CE,, CE,). After the display is cleared, the ASCII code for a space (20hex) is loaded into all character RAM locations and 00hex is loaded into all Attribute RAM/Control Register memory locations. Data Entry Figure 2 shows a truth table for the HDLX-2416 display. Setting the chip enables (CE,, CE 2) to logic 0 and the cursor select (CU) to logic 1 will enable ASCII data loading. When cursor select (CU) is set to logic 0, data will be loaded into the Control Register and Attribute RAM. Address inputs A,-A, are used to select the digit location in the display. Data inputs D,-D, are used to load information into the dis- play. Data will be latched into the display on the rising edge of the WR VR signal. D,-D,, A,-A,, CE CE,, and cu must be held stable during the write cycle to ensure that correct data is stored into the display. Data can be loaded into the display in any order. Note that when A, and A, are logic 0, data is stored in the right most display loca- tion. Cursor When cursor enable (CUE) is a logic 1, a cursor will be displayed in all digit locations where a logic 1 has been stored in the Digit Cursor memory in the Attribute RAM. The cursor consists of all 35 dots ON at half brightness. A flashing cursor can be displayed by pulsing CUE. When CUE is a logic 0, the ASCII data stored in the Character RAM will be dis- played regardless of the Digit Cursor bits. Blanking Blanking of the display is controlled through the BL input, the Control Register and Attrib- ute RAM. The user can achieve a variety of functions by using these controls in different combinations, such as full hardware display blank, soft- ware blank, blanking of individ- oe Ras) oS ve ivy = =] z 4 5 a a cy CUE | BL | CLR | cE,| cE, | WR] CU | A, | A, D, Dd, | dD, | D D, D D, Function o 1 1 Display ASCII 1 1 1 Display Stored Cursor x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 0 Reset RAMs Blank Diaplay but do not reset x o 1 RAMS and Control Register Extended Intensity Master Digit Digit Write to Attribute RAM 0 0 Functions Control Blank Blank Cursor and Contro] Register Disable Disable 0 0 On 000 = 100%* On Digit Digit DBD, = 0, Allows Digit n lo be 1 Enable 001 = 60% Display Blank Cursor blanked D-D, 010 = 40% ON Disable 1 L 011 = 27% DBD, = 1 Prevente Digit n x x 1 0 Qo oO l= 100 = 17% ls Digit Digit from being blanked. 0 0 Disable 101 = 10% Display Blank Cursor DD, 110 = 7% Blanked | Disable 2 2 DC, = 0 Removes cursor from 111 = 3% Digit n D, Digiit Digit 0 1 Always Blank Cursor DC, = ft Stores cursor at Enabled Disable 3 3 Digit n 1 0 Digit 0 ASCII Data (Right Most Character) 1 1 Digit I ASCIT Data x x 1 0 0 0 Write to Character RAM 1 0 Digit 2 ASCH Data 1 1 Digit 3 ASCII Data (Left Most Character) 1 x x x xX 1 x 1 x x x x x x x xX x x No Change x x 1 0 = Logic 0; 1 = Logic 1; X = Do Not Care; * 000 = 27% for HDLU-2416 Figure 2. Display Truth Table 4-131ual characters, and synchronized flashing of individual characters or entire display (by strobing the blank input). All of these blanking modes affect only the output drivers, maintaining the contents and write capability of the internal RAMs and Control Register, so that norma! loading of RAMs and Control Register can take place even with the display blanked. Figure 3 shows how the Ex- tended Function Disable (bit D, of the Control Register), Master Blank (bit D, of the Control Register), Digit Blank Disable (bit D, of the Attribute RAM), and BL input can be used to blank the display. When the Extended Function Disable is a logic 1, the display can be blanked only with the BL input. When the Extended Function Disable is a logic 0, the display can be blanked through the BL input, the Master Blank, and the Digit Blank Disable. The entire display will be blanked if either the BL input is logic 0 or the Master Blank is logic 1, providing all Digit Blank Disable bits are logic 0. Those digits with Digit Blank Disable bits a logic 1 will ignore Table 1. Current Requirements at Different Brightness Levels EFD MB DBD, BL 0 0 0 0 Display Blanked by BL 0 0 x 1 Display ON 0 x 1 0 Display Blanked by BL. Individual characters "ON" based on "1" being stored in DBD, 0 1 0 x Display Blanked by MB 0 1 1 1 Display Blanked by MB. Individual characters "ON" based on "1" being stored in DBD, 1 x x 0 | Display Blanked by BL 1 x x 1 Display ON Figure 3. Display Blanking Truth Table both blank signals and remain ON. The Digit Blank Disable bits allow individual characters to be blanked or flashed in synchronization with the BL input. Dimming Dimming of the display is controlled through either the BL input or the Control Register. A pulse width modulated signal can be applied to the BL input to dim the display. A three bit word in the Control Register generates an internal pulse width modulated signal to dim the display. The internal dimming feature is enabled only if the Extended Function Disable is a logic 0. Bits 3-5 in the Control Register provide internal brightness control. These bits are inter- preted as a three bit binary code, with code (000) corresponding to the maximum brightness and code (111) to the minimum brightness. In addition to varying the display brightness, bits 3-5 also vary the average value of I,,,. Typ can be specified at any brightness level as shown in Table 1: Symbol | D,|D, | D, | Brightness | 25C Typ. | 25C Max. Max. over Temp. | Units Ip) =| 0} 0 | 0 100% 110 130 160 mA 0 | 0 l 60% 66 79 98 mA Oo] 1 0 40% 45 53 66 mA Oo; 1] 1 27% 30 37 46 mA 1] 0 0 17% 20 24 31 mA 1) 0 1 10% 12 15 20 mA 1 1 0 1% 9 11 15 mA 1) 1 1 3% 4 6 9 mA 4-1321k 8 4 10 kHz tk OUTPUT 555 + Voo 3 _ f BL (PIN 18) INSt4 6 / foe. [Ia ul 400 pF T Figure 4. Intensity Modulation Control Using an Astable Multivi- brator (reprinted with permission from Electronics magazine, Sept. 19, 1974, VNU Business pub. Ine.) Figure 4 shows a circuit de- signed to dim the display from 98% to 2% by pulse width modulating the BL input. A logarithmic or a linear potenti- ometer may be used to adjust the display intensity. However, a logarithmic potentiometer matches the response of the human eye and therefore pro- vides better resolution at low intensities. The circuit fre- quency should be designed to operate at 10 kHz or higher. Lower frequencies may cause the display to flicker. Extended Function Disable Extended Function Disable (bit D, of the Control Register) disables the extended blanking and dimming functions in the HDLX-2416. If the Extended Function Disable is a logic 1, the internal brightness control, Master Blank, and Digit Blank Disable bits are ignored. How- ever the BL input and Cursor control are still active. This allows downward compatibility to the HPDL-2416. Mechanical and Electri- cal Considerations The HDLX-2416 is an 18 pin DIP package that can be stacked horizontally and vertically to create arrays of any size. The HDLX-2416 is designed to operate continuously from -40C to + 85C for all possible input conditions. The HDLX-2416 is assembled by die attaching and wire bonding 140 LEDs and a CMOS IC toa high temperature printed circuit board. A polycarbonate lens is placed over the PC board creat- ing an air gap environment for the LED wire bonds. Backfill epoxy environmentally seals the display package. This package construction makes the display highly tolerant to temperature cycling and allows wave solder- ing. The inputs to the CMOS IC are protected against static dis- charge and input current latchup. However, for best results standard CMOS han- dling precautions should be used. Prior to use, the HDLX- 2416 should be stored in anti- static tubes or conductive material. During assembly a grounded conductive work area should be used, and assembly personnel should wear conduc- tive wrist straps. Lab coats made of synthetic material should be avoided since they are prone to static charge build-up. Input current latchup is caused when the CMOS inputs are subjected either to a voltage below ground (V,, < ground) or to a voltage higher than V,,, (V,, > Vp) and when a high current is forced into the input. To prevent input current latchup and ESD 4-133 damage, unused inputs should be connected either to ground or to V,,. Voltages should not be applied to the inputs until V,, has been applied to the display. Transient input voltages should be eliminated. Soldering and Post Solder Cleaning Instructions for the HDLX-2416 The HDLX-2416 may be hand soldered or wave soldered with SN63 solder. When hand soldering it is recommended that an electronically temperature controlled and securely grounded soldering iron be used. For best results, the iron tip temperature should be set at 315C (600F). For wave solder- ing, a rosin-based RMA flux can be used. The solder wave temperature should be set at 245C +5C (473F +9F), and dwell in the wave should be set between 1 1/2 to 3 seconds for optimum soldering. The preheat temperature should not exceed 110C (230F) as measured on the solder side of the PC board. a. ea => 38 Za ara) Te rust Py Post solder cleaning may be performed with a solvent or aqueous process, For solvent cleaning, Allied Chemicals Genesolv DES, or DuPonts Freon TE may be used. These solvents are azeotropes of trichlorotrifluroethane FC-113 with low concentrations of ethanol (5%). The maximum exposure time in the solvent vapors at boiling temperature should not exceed 2 minutes. Parts should not be handled until dry and cool. Solvents containing high concentrations of alcohols such as methanol, ketones such as acetone or chlorinated solvent should notbe used as they will chemically attack the polycarbonate lens. Solvents containing trichlo- roethane FC-111 or FC-112 and trichloroethylene (TCE) are also not recommended. An aqueous cleaning process may be used. A saponifier, such as Kester bio-kleen Formula 5799 or its equivalent, may be added to the wash cycle of an aqueous process to remove rosin flux residues. Organic acid flux residues must be thoroughly removed by an aqueous cleaning process to prevent corrosion of the leads and solder connections. The optimum water temperature is 60C (140F). The maximum cumulative exposure of the HDLX-2416 to wash and rinse cycles should not exceed 15 minutes. For additional infor- mation on soldering and post solder cleaning, see Application Note 1027. Contrast Enhancement The objective of contrast en- hancement is to provide good readability in the end users ambient lighting conditions. The concept is to employ both luminance and chrominance contrast techniques. These enhance readability by having the OFF-dots blend into the display background and the ON- HDLR-2416/ HDLU-2416/ HDLS-2416; HDLO-2416: HDLA-2416: HDLY-2416: HDLG-24 16: dots vividly stand out against the same background. Contrast enhancement may be achieved by using one of the following filters listed below. For addi- tional information on contrast enhancement, see Application Note 1015, Panelgraphic RUBY RED 60 SGL Homalite H100-1605 RED 3M Louvered Filter R6610 RED or NO210 GRAY Panelgraphic SCARLET RED 65 or GRAY 10 SGL Homalite H100-1670 RED or -1266 GRAY 3M Louvered Filter R6310 RED or NO0210 GRAY Panelgraphic AMBER 23, AMBER 26 or GRAY 10 SGL Homalite H100-1709 AMBER or -1266 GRAY 3M Louvered Filter A6010 or N0210 GRAY Panelgraphic YELLOW 27 or GRAY 10 SGL Homalite H100-1720 AMBER or -1266 GRAY 3M Louvered Filter A5910 AMBER or N0210 GRAY Panelgraphic GREEN 48 SGL Homalite H100-1440 GREEN 3M Louvered Filter G5610 GREEN or N0210 GRAY 4134