VNQ5E250AJ-E Quad channel high-side driver with analog current sense for automotive applications Features Max supply voltage VCC 41 V Operating voltage range VCC 4 to 28 V Max on-state resistance (per ch.) RON 250 m Current limitation (typ) ILIMH 5A Off-state supply current IS 2 A(1) PowerSSO-16 - Overtemperature shutdown with auto restart (thermal shutdown) - Reverse battery protected - Electrostatic discharge protection 1. Typical value with all loads connected. Applications General - Inrush current active management by power limitation - Very low standby current - 3.0 V CMOS compatible inputs - Optimized electromagnetic emissions - Very low electromagnetic susceptibility - Compliant with European directive 2002/95/EC - Very low current sense leakage Diagnostic functions - Proportional load current sense - High current sense precision for wide currents range - Current sense disable - Off-state open-load detection - Output short to VCC detection - Overload and short to ground (power limitation) indication - Thermal shutdown indication Protections - Undervoltage shutdown - Overvoltage clamp - Load current limitation - Self limiting of fast thermal transients - Protection against loss of ground and loss of VCC September 2013 All types of resistive, inductive and capacitive loads Suitable as LED driver Suitable as relays driver Description The VNQ5E250AJ-E is a quad channel high-side driver manufactured using ST proprietary VIPowerTM M0-5 technology and housed in PowerSSO-16 package. The device is designed to drive 12 V automotive grounded loads, and to provide protection and diagnostics. It also implements a 3 V and 5 V CMOS compatible interface for the use with any microcontroller. The device integrates advanced protective functions such as load current limitation, inrush and overload active management by power limitation, overtemperature shut-off with autorestart and overvoltage active clamp. A dedicated analog current sense pin is associated with every output channel providing enhanced diagnostic functions including fast detection of overload and short-circuit to ground through power limitation indication, overtemperature indication, shortcircuit to VCC diagnosis and on-state and off-state open-load detection. The current sensing and diagnostic feedback of the whole device can be disabled by pulling the CS_DIS pin high to share the external sense resistor with similar devices. Doc ID 17360 Rev 3 1/37 www.st.com 1 Contents VNQ5E250AJ-E Contents 1 Block diagram and pin configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2 Electrical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3 2.1 Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.2 Thermal data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.3 Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.4 Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2.5 Electrical characteristics curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Application information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3.1 GND protection network against reverse battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3.1.1 Solution 1: resistor in the ground line (RGND only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3.1.2 Solution 2: diode (DGND) in the ground line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3.2 Load dump protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3.3 MCU I/Os protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3.4 Current sense and diagnostic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 3.4.1 3.5 4 Maximum demagnetization energy (VCC =13.5V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Package and PCB thermal data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 4.1 5 Short to VCC and off-state open load detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 PowerSSO-16 thermal data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Package and packing information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 5.1 ECOPACK(R) packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 5.2 PowerSSO-16 package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 5.3 Packing information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 6 Order codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 7 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2/37 Doc ID 17360 Rev 3 VNQ5E250AJ-E List of tables List of tables Table 1. Table 2. Table 3. Table 4. Table 5. Table 6. Table 7. Table 8. Table 9. Table 10. Table 11. Table 12. Table 13. Table 14. Table 15. Table 16. Table 17. Table 18. Pin functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Suggested connections for unused and not connected pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Thermal data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Power section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Switching (VCC = 13 V; Tj = 25 C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Logic inputs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Protections and diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Current sense (8 V < VCC < 18 V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Open-load detection (8 V < VCC < 18 V). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Truth table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Electrical transient requirements (part 1/3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Electrical transient requirements (part 2/3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Electrical transient requirements (part 3/3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Thermal parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 PowerSSO-16 mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Device summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Document revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Doc ID 17360 Rev 3 3/37 List of figures VNQ5E250AJ-E List of figures Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7. Figure 8. Figure 9. Figure 10. Figure 11. Figure 12. Figure 13. Figure 14. Figure 15. Figure 16. Figure 17. Figure 18. Figure 19. Figure 20. Figure 21. Figure 22. Figure 23. Figure 24. Figure 25. Figure 26. Figure 27. Figure 28. Figure 29. Figure 30. Figure 31. Figure 32. Figure 33. Figure 34. Figure 35. Figure 36. Figure 37. Figure 38. Figure 39. Figure 40. Figure 41. 4/37 Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Configuration diagram (top view) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Current and voltage conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Current sense delay characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Open-load off-state delay timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Switching characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Delay response time between rising edge of output current and rising edge of current sense (CS enabled) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Output voltage drop limitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 IOUT/ISENSE vs IOUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Maximum current sense ratio drift vs load current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Normal operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Overload or short to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Intermittent overload . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Off-state open-load with external circuitry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Short to VCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 TJ evolution in overload or short to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Off-state output current. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 High-level input current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Input clamp voltage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Input low-level voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Input high-level voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Input hysteresis voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 On-state resistance vs Tcase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 On-state resistance vs VCC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Undervoltage shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Turn-on voltage slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 ILIMH vs Tcase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Turn-off voltage slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 CS_DIS high-level voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 CS_DIS clamp voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 CS_DIS low-level voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Application schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Current sense and diagnostic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Maximum turn-off current versus inductance (for each channel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 PowerSSO-16 PC board. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Rthj-amb vs PCB copper area in open box free air condition (one channel ON) . . . . . . . . 29 PowerSSO-16 thermal impedance junction ambient single pulse (one channel on) . . . . . 30 Thermal fitting model of a double channel HSD in PowerSSO-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 PowerSSO-16 package dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 PowerSSO-16 tube shipment (no suffix) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 PowerSSO-16 tape and reel shipment (suffix "TR") . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Doc ID 17360 Rev 3 VNQ5E250AJ-E Block diagram and pin configuration Figure 1. Block diagram VCC Signal Clamp Undervoltage IN1 Control & Diagnostic 1 Power Clamp DRIVER IN2 VON Limitation CH 1 IN3 Over temp. IN4 Current Limitation OFF State Open load CS_ DIS VSENSEH CS1 CONTROL & DIAGNOSTIC Channels 2, 3 & 4 1 Block diagram and pin configuration Current Sense CH 4 CH 3 OUT4 OUT3 CH 2 OUT2 CS2 OUT1 CS3 LOGIC CS4 OVERLOAD PROTECTION (ACTIVE POWER LIMITATION) GND Table 1. Pin functions Name VCC OUTPUTn GND INPUTn CURRENT SENSEn CS_DIS Function Battery connection. Power output. Ground connection. Must be reverse battery protected by an external diode/resistor network. Voltage controlled input pin with hysteresis, CMOS compatible. Controls output switch state. Analog current sense pin, delivers a current proportional to the load current. Active high CMOS compatible pin, to disable the current sense pin. Doc ID 17360 Rev 3 5/37 Block diagram and pin configuration Figure 2. VNQ5E250AJ-E Configuration diagram (top view) CURRENT SENSE4 INPUT4 CURRENT SENSE3 INPUT3 CURRENT SENSE2 INPUT2 CURRENT SENSE1 INPUT1 1 16 2 15 3 14 4 13 5 12 6 11 7 10 8 9 GND CS_DIS N.C. OUTPUT4 OUTPUT3 OUTPUT2 OUTPUT1 N.C. TAB=Vcc Table 2. 6/37 Suggested connections for unused and not connected pins Connection / pin Current sense N.C. Output Input CS_DIS Floating Not allowed X X X X To ground Through 1 k resistor X Not allowed Through 10 k resistor Through 10 k resistor Doc ID 17360 Rev 3 VNQ5E250AJ-E 2 Electrical specifications Electrical specifications Figure 3. Current and voltage conventions IS VCC OUTPUTn CS_DIS VOUTn ISENSEn IINn VINn VCC IOUTn ICSD VCSD VFn CURRENT INPUTn SENSEn VSENSEn GND IGND Note: VFn = VOUTn - VCC during reverse battery condition. 2.1 Absolute maximum ratings Stressing the device above the rating listed in the "Absolute maximum ratings" table may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the Operating sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to the conditions in table below for extended periods may affect device reliability. Refer also to the STMicroelectronics SURE Program and other relevant quality document. Table 3. Absolute maximum ratings Symbol Parameter Value Unit VCC DC supply voltage 41 V VCC Reverse DC supply voltage 0.3 V IGND DC reverse ground pin current 200 mA IOUT DC output current Internally limited A -IOUT Reverse DC output current 5 A DC input current -1 to 10 mA DC current sense disable input current -1 to 10 mA 200 mA VCC-41 +VCC V V 39 mJ IIN ICSD ICSENSE DC reverse CS pin current VCSENSE Current sense maximum voltage EMAX Maximum switching energy (single pulse) (L = 36 mH; RL = 0 ; Vbat = 13.5 V; Tjstart = 150 C; IOUT = IlimL(Typ.)) Doc ID 17360 Rev 3 7/37 Electrical specifications Table 3. Absolute maximum ratings (continued) Symbol Parameter Value Unit VESD Electrostatic discharge (human body model: R=1.5K; C=100pF) - Input - Current sense - CS_DIS - Output - VCC 4000 2000 4000 5000 5000 V V V V V VESD Charge device model (CDM-AEC-Q100-011) 750 V Junction operating temperature -40 to 150 C Storage temperature -55 to 150 C Tj Tstg 2.2 VNQ5E250AJ-E Thermal data Table 4. Symbol Rthj-amb Thermal data Parameter Thermal resistance junction-ambient (MAX) Rthj-case Thermal resistance junction-case (MAX) 8/37 Doc ID 17360 Rev 3 Max. value Unit See Figure 36 C/W 4.5 C/W VNQ5E250AJ-E 2.3 Electrical specifications Electrical characteristics Values specified in this section are for 8 V < VCC < 28 V, -40 C < Tj < 150 C, unless otherwise specified. Table 5. Power section Symbol Parameter VCC Operating supply voltage VUSD VUSDhyst RON Vclamp IS IL(off) VF Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit 13 28 V Undervoltage shutdown 3.5 4 V Undervoltage shutdown hysteresis 0.5 On-state resistance Clamp voltage 4 IOUT = 0.5 A; Tj = 25 C 250 m IOUT = 0.5 A; Tj = 150 C 500 m IOUT = 0.5 A; VCC = 5 V; Tj = 25 C 300 m 46 52 V 2(1) 5(1) A 8 14 mA 0.01 3 A 5 A 0.7 V IS=20 mA 41 Off-state; VCC = 13 V; Tj = 25 C; VIN = VOUT = VSENSE = VCSD = 0 V Supply current On-state; VCC=13V; VIN=5V; IOUT = 0A Off-state output current (2) Output - VCC diode voltage(2) V VIN = VOUT = 0 V; VCC = 13 V; Tj = 25 C 0 VIN = VOUT = 0 V; VCC = 13 V; Tj = 125 C 0 -IOUT = 0.5 A; Tj = 150 C 1. PowerMOS leakage included. 2. For each channel. Table 6. Symbol Switching (VCC = 13 V; Tj = 25 C) Parameter Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit td(on) Turn-on delay time RL = 26 (see Figure 6) -- 10 -- s td(off) Turn-off delay time RL = 26 (see Figure 6) -- 8 -- s (dVOUT/dt)on Turn-on voltage slope RL = 26 -- 0.8 -- V/s (dVOUT/dt)off Turn-off voltage slope RL = 26 -- 1 -- V/s WON Switching energy losses during twon RL = 26 (see Figure 6) -- 16 -- J WOFF Switching energy losses during twoff RL = 26 (see Figure 6) -- 12 -- J Doc ID 17360 Rev 3 9/37 Electrical specifications Table 7. VNQ5E250AJ-E Logic inputs Symbol Parameter Test conditions VIL Input low level voltage IIL Low level input current VIH Input high level voltage IIH High level input current VI(hyst) Input hysteresis voltage VICL VIN = 0.9 V CS_DIS low level voltage ICSDL Low level CS_DIS current VCSDH CS_DIS high level voltage ICSDH High level CS_DIS current CS_DIS clamp voltage Table 8. IlimH DC short circuit current IlimL Short circuit current during thermal cycling TTSD Shutdown temperature 2.1 V 10 5.5 7 -0.7 A 2.1 V 10 0.25 A V 5.5 7 -0.7 V V Test conditions VCC = 13 V Min. Typ. Max. Unit 3.5 5 7 A 7 A Reset temperature TRS Thermal reset of STATUS VCC = 13 V; TR < Tj < TTSD 1.25 150 175 A 200 TRS + 1 TRS + 5 135 Thermal hysteresis (TTSD-TR) Turn-off output voltage clamp IOUT = 0.5 A; VIN = 0; L = 20 mH Output voltage drop limitation IOUT = 0.015; Tj = -40 C...150 C (see Figure 8) Doc ID 17360 Rev 3 C C C 7 C VCC-41 VCC-46 VCC-52 V 25 mV 1. To ensure long term reliability under heavy overload or short circuit conditions, protection and related diagnostic signals must be used together with a proper software strategy. If the device is subjected to abnormal conditions, this software must limit the duration and number of activation cycles. 10/37 V 1 VCSD = 2.1 V ICSD = 1 mA V V 0.9 VCSD = 0.9 V A V 4.5 V < VCC < 28 V TR VON V Protections and diagnostics (1) Parameter VDEMAG 0.9 A ICSD = -1 mA Symbol THYST Unit 0.25 VCSD(hyst) CS_DIS hysteresis voltage VCSCL Max. 1 IIN = -1 mA VCSDL Typ. VIN = 2.1 V IIN = 1 mA Input clamp voltage Min. VNQ5E250AJ-E Electrical specifications Table 9. Symbol K0 K1 dK1/K1(1) K2 dK2/K2(1) K3 dK3/K3(1) ISENSE0 Current sense (8 V < VCC < 18 V) Parameter Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit IOUT/ISENSE IOUT = 0.025 A;VSENSE = 0.5 V Tj = -40 C...150 C 295 500 705 IOUT/ISENSE IOUT = 0.25 A;VSENSE = 0.5 V Tj = -40 C...150 C Tj = 25 C...150 C 360 395 470 470 595 568 Current sense ratio drift IOUT = 0.25 A;VSENSE = 4 V Tj = -40 C...150 C IOUT/ISENSE IOUT = 0.5 A;VSENSE = 4 V Tj = -40 C...150 C Tj = 25 C...150 C Current sense ratio drift IOUT = 0.5 A; VSENSE = 4 V Tj = -40 C...150 C IOUT/ISENSE IOUT = 1 A; VSENSE = 4 V Tj = -40 C...150 C Tj = 25 C...150 C Current sense ratio drift IOUT = 1 A; VSENSE = 4 V Tj = -40 C...150 C -4 +4 % IOUT = 0 A; VSENSE = 0 V; VCSD = 5 V; VIN = 0 V; Tj = -40 C...150 C 0 1 A VCSD = 0 V; VIN = 5 V; Tj = -40 C...150 C 0 2 A IOUT = 0.5 A; VSENSE = 0 V; VCSD = 5 V; VIN = 5 V; Tj = -40 C...150 C 0 1 A 0.5 5 mA Analog sense leakage current -9 425 445 +9 485 485 -6 465 475 IOL Openload ON-state current detectionthreshold VIN = 5 V; 8 V < VCC < 18 V; ISENSE = 5 A VSENSE Max analog sense output voltage IOUT = 0.5 A; VCSD = 0 V; RSENSE = 10 K Analog sense output voltage in fault condition(2) VCC = 13 V; RSENSE = 3.9 K 8 VSENSEH VCC = 5 V; RSENSE = 3.9 K 4.5 Analog sense output current in fault condition(2) VCC=13V; VSENSE = 5V ISENSEH Delay response time tDSENSE1H from falling edge of CS_DIS pin 555 540 +6 500 500 % % 535 525 5 V V 9 mA VCC = 5 V; VSENSE = 3.5 V VSENSE < 4 V; 0.025 A <IOUT < 1 A; 4.5 V < VCC < 18 V; ISENSE = 90 % of ISENSE max (see Figure 4) Doc ID 17360 Rev 3 6 40 100 s 11/37 Electrical specifications Table 9. Symbol VNQ5E250AJ-E Current sense (8 V < VCC < 18 V) (continued) Parameter Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit Delay response time tDSENSE1L from rising edge of CS_DIS pin VSENSE < 4 V; 0.025 A < IOUT < 1 A; 4.5 V < VCC < 18 V; ISENSE =10 % of ISENSE max (see Figure 4) 5 20 s Delay response time tDSENSE2H from rising edge of INPUT pin VSENSE < 4 V; 0.025A < IOUT < 1 A; 4.5 V < VCC < 18 V; ISENSE = 90 % of ISENSE max (see Figure 4) 50 200 s 110 s 150 s VSENSE < 4 V; Delay response time ISENSE = 90 % of ISENSEMAX; between rising edge of tDSENSE2H 4.5 V < VCC < 18 V; output current and rising IOUT = 90 % of IOUTMAX edge of current sense IOUTMAX = 1.5 A (see Figure 7) Delay response time tDSENSE2L from falling edge of INPUT pin VSENSE < 4 V; 0.025A < IOUT < 1 A; 4.5 V < VCC < 18 V; ISENSE = 10 % of ISENSE max (see Figure 4) 15 1. Parameter guaranteed by design; it is not tested. 2. Fault condition includes: power limitation, overtemperature and open load OFF-state detection. Table 10. 12/37 Open-load detection (8 V < VCC < 18 V) Symbol Parameter Test conditions Min. Typ. VOL Open-load off-state voltage detection threshold VIN = 0 V; 4.5 V < VCC < 18 V 2 - 4 V tDSTKON Output short circuit to VCC detection delay at turn-off See Figure 5 180 - 1200 s IL(off2) Off-state output current at VOUT = 4 V VIN = 0 V; VSENSE = 0 V VOUT rising from 0 V to 4 V -120 - 0 A td_vol Delay response from output VOUT = 4 V; VIN = 0 V rising edge to VSENSE rising VSENSE = 90 % of VSENSEH edge in open-load - 20 s Doc ID 17360 Rev 3 Max. Unit VNQ5E250AJ-E Electrical specifications Figure 4. Current sense delay characteristics INPUT CS_DIS LOAD CURRENT SENSE CURRENT tDSENSE2H Figure 5. tDSENSE1L tDSENSE1H tDSENSE2L Open-load off-state delay timing OUTPUT STUCK TO VCC VIN VOUT > VOL VSENSEH VCS tDSTKON Figure 6. Switching characteristics VOUT tWon tWoff 90% 80% dVOUT/dt(off) dVOUT/dt(on) tr 10% tf t INPUT td(on) td(off) t Doc ID 17360 Rev 3 13/37 Electrical specifications Figure 7. VNQ5E250AJ-E Delay response time between rising edge of output current and rising edge of current sense (CS enabled) VIN tDSENSE2H t IOUT IOUTMAX 90% IOUTMAX t ISENSE ISENSEMAX 90% ISENSEMAX t Figure 8. Output voltage drop limitation Vcc-Vout Tj=150oC Tj=25oC Tj=-40oC Von Von/Ron(T) 14/37 Doc ID 17360 Rev 3 Iout VNQ5E250AJ-E Electrical specifications Figure 9. IOUT/ISENSE vs IOUT Iout/Isense 750 700 A 650 600 B 550 C 500 450 400 D 350 300 E 250 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 Iout(A) 0.8 1 1.2 D: Min, Tj = 25 C to 150 C E: Min, Tj = -40 C to 150 C A: Max, Tj = -40 C to 150 C B: Max, Tj = 25 C to 150 C C: Typical, Tj = -40 C to 150 C Figure 10. Maximum current sense ratio drift vs load current dK/K(%) 20 15 10 A 5 0 -5 B -10 -15 -20 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 Iout(A) A Max, Tj = -40 C...150 C Note: B Min, Tj = -40 C...150 C Parameter guaranteed by design; it is not tested. Doc ID 17360 Rev 3 15/37 Electrical specifications Table 11. VNQ5E250AJ-E Truth table Input Output Sense (VCSD = 0 V)(1) Normal operation L H L H 0 Nominal Overtemperature L H L L 0 VSENSEH Undervoltage L H L L 0 0 H X (no power limitation) Cycling (power limitation) Nominal Conditions Overload H VSENSEH Short circuit to GND (Power limitation) L H L L 0 VSENSEH Open load off-state (with external pull-up) L H VSENSEH Short circuit to VCC (external pull-up disconnected) L H H H VSENSEH < Nominal Negative output voltage clamp L L 0 1. If the VCSD is high, the SENSE output is at a high impedance, its potential depends on leakage currents and external circuit. 16/37 Doc ID 17360 Rev 3 VNQ5E250AJ-E Electrical specifications Table 12. ISO 7637-2: 2004(E) Test pulse Electrical transient requirements (part 1/3) Test levels(1) III IV 1 -75V -100V 2a +37V 3a Number of pulses or test times Burst cycle/pulse repetition time Delays and impedance Min. Max. 5000 pulses 0.5s 5s 2 ms, 10 +50V 5000 pulses 0.2s 5s 50s, 2 -100V -150V 1h 90ms 100ms 0.1s, 50 3b +75V +100V 1h 90ms 100ms 0.1s, 50 4 -6V -7V 1 pulse 100ms, 0.01 +65V +87V 1 pulse 400ms, 2 (2) 5b 1. The above test levels must be considered referred to VCC = 13.5V except for pulse 5b. 2. Valid in case of external load dump clamp: 40V maximum referred to ground. Table 13. Electrical transient requirements (part 2/3) ISO 7637-2: 2004E Test pulse III VI 1 C C 2a C C 3a C C 3b C C 4 C C C C (2) 5b Table 14. Class Test level results Electrical transient requirements (part 3/3) Contents C All functions of the device performed as designed after exposure to disturbance. E One or more functions of the device did not perform as designed after exposure to disturbance and cannot be returned to proper operation without replacing the device. Doc ID 17360 Rev 3 17/37 Electrical specifications 2.4 VNQ5E250AJ-E Waveforms Figure 11. Normal operation Normal operation INPUT Nominal load Nominal load IOUT VSENSE VCS_DIS Figure 12. Overload or short to GND Overload or Short to GND INPUT ILimH > Power Limitation Thermal cycling ILimL > IOUT VSENSE VCS_DIS 18/37 Doc ID 17360 Rev 3 VNQ5E250AJ-E Electrical specifications Figure 13. Intermittent overload Intermittent Overload INPUT Overload ILimH > ILimL > Nominal load IOUT VSENSEH> VSENSE VCS_DIS Figure 14. Off-state open-load with external circuitry OFF-State Open Load with external circutry INPUT VOUT > VOL VOUT VOL IOUT VSENSEH > tDSTK(on) VSENSE VCS_DIS Doc ID 17360 Rev 3 19/37 Electrical specifications VNQ5E250AJ-E Figure 15. Short to VCC Short to VCC Resistive Short to VCC Hard Short to VCC VOUT > VOL VOL VOUT IOUT tDSTK(on) tDSTK(on) VCS_DIS Figure 16. TJ evolution in overload or short to GND TJ evolution in Overload or Short to GND INPUT Self-limitation of fast thermal transients TTSD THYST TR TJ_START TJ ILimH > Power Limitation < ILimL IOUT 20/37 Doc ID 17360 Rev 3 VNQ5E250AJ-E 2.5 Electrical specifications Electrical characteristics curves Figure 17. Off-state output current Figure 18. High-level input current Iloff [nA] Iih [uA] 300 5 4.5 250 Vin= 2.1V 4 3.5 200 Off State Vcc= 13V Vin=Vout= 0 150 3 2.5 2 100 1.5 1 50 0.5 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 0 -50 175 -25 0 25 Tc [C] 50 75 100 125 150 175 Tc [C] Figure 19. Input clamp voltage Figure 20. Input low-level voltage Vicl [V] Vil [V] 7 2 6.8 1.8 6.6 1.6 6.4 Iin= 1m A 1.4 6.2 1.2 6 1 5.8 0.8 5.6 0.6 5.4 0.4 5.2 0.2 0 -50 5 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Tc [C] Tc [C] Figure 21. Input high-level voltage Figure 22. Input hysteresis voltage Vih [V] Vihyst [V] 4 1 0.9 3.5 0.8 3 0.7 2.5 0.6 2 0.5 0.4 1.5 0.3 1 0.2 0.5 0.1 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Tc [C] Tc [C] Doc ID 17360 Rev 3 21/37 Electrical specifications VNQ5E250AJ-E Figure 23. On-state resistance vs Tcase Figure 24. On-state resistance vs VCC Ron [mOhm ] Ron [mOhm ] 2500 500 2250 450 2000 400 Tc= 150C 350 Tc= Tc= 125C 125C 1750 300 Iout= 0.5A Vcc= 13V 1500 1250 250 1000 200 750 150 500 100 250 50 0 -50 Tc= -40C 25C Tc= -40C 0 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 0 175 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Vcc [V] Tc [C] Figure 25. Undervoltage shutdown Figure 26. Turn-on voltage slope (dVout/dt)On [V/m s] Vusd [V] 5000 16 4500 14 4000 12 Vcc= 13V Rl= 26 3500 10 3000 8 2500 6 2000 1500 4 1000 2 500 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 0 -50 175 -25 0 25 Tc [C] 100 125 150 175 Figure 28. Turn-off voltage slope Ilim h [A] (dVout/dt)Off [V/ms ] 10 5000 9 4500 8 4000 Vcc= 13V 7 Vcc= 13V Rl= 26 3500 6 3000 5 2500 4 2000 3 1500 2 1000 1 500 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Tc [C] 22/37 75 Tc [C] Figure 27. ILIMH vs Tcase 0 -50 50 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 Tc [C] Doc ID 17360 Rev 3 100 125 150 175 VNQ5E250AJ-E Electrical specifications Figure 29. CS_DIS high-level voltage Figure 30. CS_DIS clamp voltage Vcsdh [V] Vcsdcl [V] 4 10 3.5 9 8 3 Iin= 1m A 7 2.5 6 2 5 1.5 4 3 1 2 0.5 1 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Tc [C] 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Tc [C] Figure 31. CS_DIS low-level voltage Vcsdl [V] 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Tc [C] Doc ID 17360 Rev 3 23/37 Application information 3 VNQ5E250AJ-E Application information Figure 32. Application schematic +5V VCC Rprot CS_DIS Dld CU Rprot IINPUT OUTPUT Rprot CURRENT SENSE GND RSENSE Cext VGND RGND DGND Note: Channel 2, 3, 4 have the same internal circuit as channel 1. 3.1 GND protection network against reverse battery This section provides two solutions for implementing a ground protection network against reverse battery. 3.1.1 Solution 1: resistor in the ground line (RGND only) This can be used with any type of load. The following is an indication on how to dimension the RGND resistor. 1. RGND 600mV / (IS(on)max). 2. RGND (-VCC) / (-IGND) where -IGND is the DC reverse ground pin current and can be found in the absolute maximum rating section of the device datasheet. Power Dissipation in RGND (when VCC<0: during reverse battery situations) is: PD= (-VCC)2/RGND This resistor can be shared amongst several different HSDs. Please note that the value of this resistor should be calculated with formula (1) where IS(on)max becomes the sum of the maximum on-state currents of the different devices. Please note that if the microprocessor ground is not shared by the device ground then the RGND produces a shift (IS(on)max * RGND) in the input thresholds and the status output values. This shift varies depending on how many devices are ON in the case of several high side drivers sharing the same RGND. 24/37 Doc ID 17360 Rev 3 VNQ5E250AJ-E Application information If the calculated power dissipation leads to a large resistor or several devices have to share the same resistor then ST suggests to utilize Solution 2 (see below). 3.1.2 Solution 2: diode (DGND) in the ground line A resistor (RGND=1k) should be inserted in parallel to DGND if the device drives an inductive load. This small signal diode can be safely shared amongst several different HSDs. Also in this case, the presence of the ground network produces a shift (600mV) in the input threshold and in the status output values if the microprocessor ground is not common to the device ground. This shift not varies if more than one HSD shares the same diode/resistor network. 3.2 Load dump protection Dld is necessary (Voltage Transient Suppressor) if the load dump peak voltage exceeds the VCC max DC rating. The same applies if the device is subject to transients on the VCC line that are greater than the ones shown in the ISO 7637-2: 2004(E) table. 3.3 MCU I/Os protection If a ground protection network is used and negative transients are present on the VCC line, the control pins are pulled negative. ST suggests to insert a resistor (Rprot) in line to prevent the microcontroller I/O pins to latch-up. The value of these resistors is a compromise between the leakage current of microcontroller and the current required by the HSD I/Os (Input levels compatibility) with the latch-up limit of microcontroller I/Os. -VCCpeak/Ilatchup Rprot (VOHC-VIH-VGND) / IIHmax Calculation example: For VCCpeak= - 100V and Ilatchup 20mA; VOHC 4.5V 5k Rprot 180k. Recommended values: Rprot =10k, CEXT=10nF. Doc ID 17360 Rev 3 25/37 Application information 3.4 VNQ5E250AJ-E Current sense and diagnostic The current sense pin performs a double function (see Figure 33: Current sense and diagnostic): Current mirror of the load current in normal operation, delivering a current proportional to the load one according to a known ratio KX. The current ISENSE can be easily converted to a voltage VSENSE by means of an external resistor RSENSE. Linearity between IOUT and VSENSE is ensured up to 5V minimum (see parameter VSENSE in Table 9: Current sense (8 V < VCC < 18 V)). The current sense accuracy depends on the output current (refer to current sense electrical characteristics Table 9: Current sense (8 V < VCC < 18 V)). Diagnostic flag in fault conditions, delivering a fixed voltage VSENSEH up to a maximum current ISENSEH in case of the following fault conditions (refer to Table 11): - Power limitation activation - Overtemperature - Short to VCC in off-state - Open load in off-state with additional external components. A logic level high on CS_DIS pin sets at the same time all the current sense pins of the device in a high impedance state, thus disabling the current monitoring and diagnostic detection. This feature allows multiplexing of the microcontroller analog inputs by sharing of sense resistance and ADC line among different devices. Figure 33. Current sense and diagnostic VPU VBAT VCC Main MOSn 41V PU_ CMD Overtemperature IOUT/KX RPU + OL OFF I SENSEH ILoff2 VOL Pwr_ Lim CS_ DIS OUTn INPUTn V SENSEH CURRENT SENSEn RPROT To uC ADC 26/37 R SENSE V SENSE Doc ID 17360 Rev 3 GND Load VNQ5E250AJ-E 3.4.1 Application information Short to VCC and off-state open load detection Short to VCC A short circuit between VCC and output is indicated by the relevant current sense pin set to VSENSEH during the device off-state. Small or no current is delivered by the current sense during the on-state depending on the nature of the short circuit. Off-state open load with external circuitry Detection of an open load in off mode requires an external pull-up resistor RPU connecting the output to a positive supply voltage VPU. It is preferable VPU to be switched off during the module standby mode in order to avoid the overall standby current consumption to increase in normal conditions, i.e. when load is connected. For proper open load detection in off-state, the external pull-up resistor must be selected according to the following formula: VOUT Pull -up _ ON = RPD VPU - RPU RPD I L ( off 2) RPU + RPD > VOL max = 4V For the values of VOLmin,VOLmax and IL(off2) see Table 10: Open-load detection (8 V < VCC < 18 V). Doc ID 17360 Rev 3 27/37 Application information 3.5 VNQ5E250AJ-E Maximum demagnetization energy (VCC =13.5V) Figure 34. Maximum turn-off current versus inductance (for each channel) 10 A B C I (A) 1 0.1 1 10 L (mH) 100 1000 A: Tjstart = 150C single pulse B: Tjstart = 100C repetitive pulse C: Tjstart = 125C repetitive pulse VIN, IL Demagnetization Demagnetization Demagnetization t Note: Values are generated with RL = 0 In case of repetitive pulses, Tjstart (at beginning of each demagnetization) of every pulse must not exceed the temperature specified above for curves A and B. 28/37 Doc ID 17360 Rev 3 VNQ5E250AJ-E Package and PCB thermal data 4 Package and PCB thermal data 4.1 PowerSSO-16 thermal data Figure 35. PowerSSO-16 PC board . 1. Board finish thickness 1.6 mm +/- 10%, board double layer, board dimension 77 mm x 86 mm, board material FR4, Cu thickness 0.070 mm (front and back side), thermal vias separation 1.2 mm, thermal via diameter 0.3 mm +/- 0.08 mm, Cu thickness on vias 0.025 mm, footprint dimension 2.2 mm x 3.9 mm. Figure 36. Rthj-amb vs PCB copper area in open box free air condition (one channel ON) RTHjamb 90 80 70 RTHjamb 60 50 40 30 0 2 4 Doc ID 17360 Rev 3 6 8 10 29/37 Package and PCB thermal data VNQ5E250AJ-E Figure 37. PowerSSO-16 thermal impedance junction ambient single pulse (one channel on) ZTH (C/W) 100 Cu=8 cm2 Cu=2 cm2 Cu=foot print 10 1 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 Time (s) Equation 1: pulse calculation formula Z TH = R TH + Z THtp ( 1 - ) where 30/37 = tp T Doc ID 17360 Rev 3 10 100 1000 VNQ5E250AJ-E Package and PCB thermal data Figure 38. Thermal fitting model of a double channel HSD in PowerSSO-16 Note: The fitting model is a simplified thermal tool and is valid for transient evolutions where the embedded protections (power limitation or thermal cycling during thermal shutdown) are not triggered. Table 15. Thermal parameters Area/island (cm2) Footprint R1 = R7 = R9 = R11 (C/W) 2 R2 = R8 = R10 = R12 (C/W) 2.5 R3 (C/W) 5 R4 (C/W) 2 8 16 6 6 R5 (C/W) 30 20 10 R6 (C/W) 26 20 18 C1 = C7 = C9 = C11 (W.s/C) 0.0005 C2 = C8 = C10 = C12 (W.s/C) 0.001 C3 (W.s/C) 0.01 C4 (W.s/C) 0.2 0.3 0.3 C5 (W.s/C) 0.4 1 1 C6 (W.s/C) 3 5 7 Doc ID 17360 Rev 3 31/37 Package and packing information VNQ5E250AJ-E 5 Package and packing information 5.1 ECOPACK(R) packages In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in different grades of ECOPACK(R) packages, depending on their level of environmental compliance. ECOPACK(R) specifications, grade definitions and product status are available at: www.st.com. ECOPACK(R) is an ST trademark. 5.2 PowerSSO-16 package information Figure 39. PowerSSO-16 package dimensions 32/37 Doc ID 17360 Rev 3 VNQ5E250AJ-E Package and packing information Table 16. PowerSSO-16 mechanical data Millimeters Symbol Min. Typ. A 1.25 1.72 A1 0.00 0.10 A2 1.10 1.62 B 0.18 0.36 C 0.19 0.25 D 4.80 5.00 E 3.80 4.00 e 0.50 H 5.80 6.20 h 0.25 0.50 L 0.40 1.27 k 0d 8d X 1.90 2.50 Y 3.60 4.20 ddd Note: Max. 0.10 1 Dimensions D does not include mold flash protrusions or gate burrs. Mold flash protrusions or gate burrs shall not exceed 0.15 mm in total (both side). 2 Drawings dimensions include single and matrix versions. Doc ID 17360 Rev 3 33/37 Package and packing information 5.3 VNQ5E250AJ-E Packing information Figure 40. PowerSSO-16 tube shipment (no suffix) Base Q.ty Bulk Q.ty Tube length ( 0.5) A B C ( 0.1) B C A 100 2000 532 1.85 6.75 0.6 All dimensions are in mm. Figure 41. PowerSSO-16 tape and reel shipment (suffix "TR") REEL DIMENSIONS Base Q.ty Bulk Q.ty A (max) B (min) C ( 0.2) F G (+ 2 / -0) N (min) T (max) 2500 2500 330 1.5 13 20.2 12.4 60 18.4 TAPE DIMENSIONS According to Electronic Industries Association (EIA) Standard 481 rev. A, Feb. 1986 Tape width Tape Hole Spacing Component Spacing Hole Diameter Hole Diameter Hole Position Compartment Depth Hole Spacing W P0 ( 0.1) P D ( 0.05) D1 (min) F ( 0.1) K (max) P1 ( 0.1) 12 4 8 1.5 1.5 5.5 4.5 2 All dimensions are in mm. End Start Top cover tape No components Components 500mm min Empty components pockets saled with cover tape. User direction of feed 34/37 Doc ID 17360 Rev 3 No components 500mm min VNQ5E250AJ-E 6 Order codes Order codes Table 17. Device summary Order codes Package PowerSSO-16 Part number (tube) Part number (tape & reel) VNQ5E250AJ-E VNQ5E250AJTR-E Doc ID 17360 Rev 3 35/37 Revision history 7 VNQ5E250AJ-E Revision history Table 18. 36/37 Document revision history Date Revision Changes 19-Apr-2010 1 Initial release. 19-Nov-2010 2 Table 9: Current sense (8 V < VCC < 18 V): - tDSENSE2H: updated maximun value Table 4: Thermal data: - Added Rthj-case row 19-Sep-2013 3 Updated Disclaimer. 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