This is information on a product in full production.
December 2013 DocID022576 Rev 6 1/28
28
VNI4140K-32
Quad high-side smart power solid-state relay
Datasheet
-
production data
Features
•Output current: 1 A per channel
•Shorted load protections
•Junction over temperatu re protection
•Case overtemp er ature pr otecti on for therm al
independence of the channels
•Thermal case shutdown restart not
simultaneous for the various channels
•Protection against loss of ground
•Current limitation
•Undervoltage shutdown
•Open drain diagnostic outputs
•3.3 V CMOS/TTL compatible inputs
•Fast demagnetization of inductive loads
•Conforms to IEC 61131- 2
•ESD according to IEC 61000-4-2 up to +/-
25 KV
Description
The VNI4140K-32 is a monolithic device made
using STMicroelectronics VIPower technology,
intended to drive four independent resistive,
capacitive or inductive loads with one side
connected to ground. Active current limitation
avoids the system power supply dropping in case
of shorted load. Built-in thermal shutdown
protects the chip from overtemperature and short-
circuit. In overload conditions, the channel turns
OFF and back ON automatically so to maintain
junction temperature between T
TSD
and T
R
. If
this
condition causes case temperature to reach
T
CSD
, the overloaded channel is turned OFF and
restarts only when case temperature has
decreased down to T
CR
. In case of more than one
channel in overload, restart of the overloaded
channels is not simultaneous, in order to avoid
high peak current from the supply. Non-
overloaded channels continue operating normally .
The open drain diagnostic outputs indicate
overtemperature conditions.
Figure 1. Block diagram
Type V
demag(1)
1. Per channel
R
DS(on)(1)
I
out(1)
V
CC
VNI4140K-32 V
CC
-41 V 0.08 Ω1 A 41 V
P
owerSSO-24
www.st.com
Contents VNI4140K-32
2/28 DocID022576 Rev 6
Contents
1 Pin connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2 Maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.1 Thermal data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3 Recommended . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4 Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5 Truth table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
6 Thermal management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
7 Switching waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
8 Pin functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
9 Package and PCB thermal data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
9.1 VNI4140K-32 thermal data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
10 Reverse polarity protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
11 Demagnetization energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
12 Package mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
13 Ordering information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
14 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
DocID022576 Rev 6 3/28
VNI4140K-32 List of figures
List of figures
Figure 1. Block diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Figure 2. Pin connection (top view) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Figure 3. Switching parameter conventions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Figure 4. Current and voltage conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Figure 5. Thermal behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Figure 6. Switching waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Figure 7. Input circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Figure 8. Status circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Figure 9. Charge pump switching frequency (typical) vs. temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Figure 10. VNI4140K-32 PCB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Figure 11. R
th(JA)
vs. PCB copper area in open box free air condition (one channel ON). . . . . . . . . . 17
Figure 12. VNI4140K-32 thermal impedance junction-ambient single pulse (one channel ON) . . . . . 18
Figure 13. Reverse polarity protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Figure 14. Maximum demagnetization vs. load current, typical values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Figure 15. PowerSSO-24 package dimensions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Figure 16. PowerSSO-24 tube shipment (no suffix) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Figure 17. PowerSSO-24 reel shipment (suffix “TR”) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Figure 18. PowerSSO-24 tape drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Figure 19. VNI4140K-32 suggested footprint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
List of tables VNI4140K-32
4/28 DocID022576 Rev 6
List of tables
Table 1. Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Table 2. Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Table 3. Thermal data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Table 4. Input switching limits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Table 5. Power section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Table 6. Switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Table 7. Logical input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Table 8. Protection and diagnostic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Table 9. Truth table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Table 10. PowerSSO-24 mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Table 11. PowerSSO-24 tube shipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Table 12. PowerSSO-24 reel dimensions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Table 13. PowerSSO-24 tape dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Table 14. Ordering information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Table 15. Document revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
DocID022576 Rev 6 5/28
VNI4140K-32 Pin connection
1 Pin connection
Figure 2. Pin connection (top v iew)
Table 1. Pin description
Pin Name Description
Tab TAB Exposed tab internally connected to V
cc
1V
CC
Supply voltage
2 IN1 Channel 1 input 3.3 V CMOS/TTL compatible
3 STAT1 Channel 1 status in open drain configuration
4 IN2 Channel 2 input 3.3 V CMOS/TTL compatible
5 STA2 Channel 2 status in open drain configuration
6 GND Device ground connection
7 STAT3 Channel 3 status in open drain configuration
8 IN3 Channel 3 input 3.3 V CMOS/TTL compatible
9 STAT4 Channel 4 status in open drain configuration
10 IN4 Channel 4 input 3.3 V CMOS/TTL compatible
11 NC
12 NC
13 OUT4 Channel 4 power stage output, internally protected
14 OUT4 Channel 4 power stage output, internally protected
15 OUT4 Channel 4 power stage output, internally protected
16 OUT3 Channel 3 power stage output, internally protected
17 OUT3 Channel 3 power stage output, internally protected
OUT1
OUT1
OUT1
OUT2
OUT2
OUT2
VCC
IN1
STAT1
IN2
STAT2
GND OUT3
OUT3
OUT3
OUT4
OUT4
OUT4
STAT3
IN3
STAT4
NC
NC
IN4
Pin connect ion VNI4140K-32
6/28 DocID022576 Rev 6
Pin Name Description
18 OUT3 Channel 3 power stage output, internally protected
19 OUT2 Channel 2 power stage output, internally protected
20 OUT2 Channel 2 power stage output, internally protected
21 OUT2 Channel 2 power stage output, internally protected
22 OUT1 Channel 1 power stage output, internally protected
23 OUT1 Channel 1 power stage output, internally protected
24 OUT1 Channel 1 power stage output, internally protected
Table 1. Pin description (continued)
DocID022576 Rev 6 7/28
VNI4140K-32 Maximum ratings
2 Maximum ratings
2.1 Thermal data
3 Recommended
Table 2. Absolute maximum ratings
Symbol Parameter Value Unit
V
CC
Power supply voltage 41 V
-V
CC
Reverse sup pl y volt age -0.3 V
I
GND
DC ground reverse current -250 mA
I
OUT
Output cur r ent (co nti nuo us) Inter nal ly limit ed A
I
R
Reverse outp ut curr ent (per ch ann el) -5 A
I
IN
Input current (per channel) ± 10 mA
V
IN
Input voltage +V
CC
V
V
STAT
Status pin voltage +V
CC
V
I
STAT
Status pin current ± 10 mA
V
ESD
Electrostatic discharge (R = 1.5 kΩ; C = 100 pF) 2000 V
E
AS
I
OUT
= 500 mA T
AMB
= 125 °C 5 J
P
TOT
Power dissipation at T
c
= 25 °C Internally limited W
T
J
Junction operating temperature Internally limited °C
T
STG
Storage temperature -55 to 150 °C
Table 3. Thermal data
Symbol Parameter Value Unit
R
th(JC)
Thermal res is t anc e jun cti on- cas e
(1)
1. Per channel.
Max. 2 °C/W
R
th(JA)
Thermal res is t anc e jun cti on-ambient Max. see Figure 11 °C/W
Table 4. Input switching limits
Symbol Parameter Value Unit
f
Vin M AX
Maximum input switching frequency 10 kHz
Electrical characteristics VNI4140K-32
8/28 DocID022576 Rev 6
4 Electrical characteristics
10.5 V < V
CC
< 36 V; -40 °C < T
J
< 125 °C; unless otherwise specified.
V
CC
= 24 V; -40 °C < T
J
< 125 °C, R
L
= 48 Ω, input rise time < 0.1 µs
Table 5. Power section
Symbol Parameter Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
V
cc
Supply voltage 10.5 36 V
R
DS(on)
ON state resistance I
OUT
= 0.7 A at T
J
= 25 °C
I
OUT
= 0.7 A 0.080
0.140 Ω
Ω
V
clamp
I
s
= 20 mA 41 45 52 V
I
S
Supply current All channels in OFF state,
ON state with V
IN
= 5 V
250
2.4 4 µA
mA
V
OUT(OFF)
OFF state output
voltage V
IN
= 0 V and I
OUT
= 0 A 1 V
I
OUT(OFF)
OFF state output
current V
IN
= V
OUT
= 0 V 0 5 µA
I
LGND
Out put current i n
ground disco nne ction V
cc
= V
IN
= GND = 24 V;
T
J
= 125 °C 500 µA
F
CP
Charge pump
frequency Channel in ON state
(1)
1. To cover EN55022 class A and class B normative.
1450 kHz
Table 6. Switching
Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit
t
d
(ON)
Turn ON delay - 6 - µs
t
r
Rise time - 5 - µs
t
d
(OFF)
Tu rn OFF - 1 2 - µs
t
f
Fall time - 5 - µs
dV/dt
(ON)
Turn ON voltage slope - 4 - V/µs
dV/dt
(
OFF
)
Turn OFF voltage slope - 4 - V/µs
DocID022576 Rev 6 9/28
VNI4140K- 32 E lect ri cal chara ct er istics
Figure 3. Switching parameter conventions
dV/dT –t
rise -t
fall
tftr
dV (ON)
dV (OFF)
10%
80%
90%
Vout
t
tdON -t
dOFF
10%
90%
50%
tdON tdOFF t
Vin
Vout
t
AM16732v1
Electrical characteristics VNI4140K-32
10/28 DocID022576 Rev 6
Table 7. Logical input
Symbol Parameter Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
V
IL
Input low level voltage 0.8 V
V
IH
Input high level voltage 2.20 V
V
I(HYST)
Input hysteresis
voltage 0.15 V
I
IN
Input current V
IN
= 15 V 10 μA
V
IN
= 36 V 210
Table 8. Protection and diagnostic
Symbol Parameter Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
v
STAT
Status voltage
output low I
STAT
= 1.6 mA 0.6 V
V
USD
Undervoltage
protection 710.5V
V
USDHYS
Undervoltage
hysteresis 0.4 0.5 V
I
LIM
DC short-circuit
current V
CC
= 24 V; R
LOAD
< 10 mΩ1.1 2.6 A
I
PEAK
Maximum DC
output
current Dynamic load 1.6 A
I
LSTAT
Status leakage
current V
CC
= V
STAT
= 36 V 30 μA
T
TSD
Junction
shutdown
temperature 150 170 190 °C
T
R
Junction reset
temperature 135 °C
T
HIST
Junction thermal
hysteresis 715 °C
T
CSD
Case shutdown
temperature 125 130 135 °C
T
CR
Case reset
temperature 110 °C
T
CHYST
Case thermal
hysteresis 715 °C
V
demag
Output voltage
at turn-OFF I
OUT
= 0.5 A; L
LOAD
>= 1 mH V
CC
-41 V
CC
-45 V
CC
-52 V
DocID022576 Rev 6 11/28
VNI4140K- 32 E lect ri cal chara ct er istics
Fig ure 4. Current and vol tage conventions
IINi
ISTAT
ICC
INPUTi
STATUSi
VSTAT
GND
IOUTi
VOUTi
OUTPUTi
VCC
IGND
VCC
VINi
AM16733v1
Truth table VNI4140K-32
12/28 DocID022576 Rev 6
5 Truth table
Table 9. Truth table
Conditions INPUTn OUTPUTn STATUSn
Normal operati on L
HL
HH
H
Overtemperature L
HL
LH
L
Undervoltage L
HL
LX
X
Shorted load
(current limitation before thermal shutdown) L
HL
XH
H
DocID022576 Rev 6 13/28
VNI4140K-32 Thermal management
6 Thermal management
The power dissipation in the IC is the main factor that sets the safe operating condition of
the device in the application. Therefore, it must be considered very carefully. Furthermore,
the available space on the PCB should be chosen considering the power dissipation. Heat
sinking can be achieved using copper on the PCB with proper area and thickness. Two
different protections have been implemented to guarantee safety of the device if it overheats
due to an overloaded condition or high environment temperature.The following flowchart
explains in detail this protection functionality.
Figure 5. Thermal behavior
NO Tj (i ) > Tt s d
Vin(i ) = H
OUT(i) O ff
STAT(i) On (L)
Tc > Tcs d
NO
YES
NOYES
Tc > Tcr
YES
NO Tj(i) > Tjr YES
STAT(i) Off ( H)
OUT(i) O n
1)
4)
2)
3)
Switching waveforms VNI4140K-32
14/28 DocID022576 Rev 6
7 Switching waveforms
Figure 6. Switching waveforms
DocID022576 Rev 6 15/28
VNI4140K-32 Pin functions
8 Pin functions
Figure 7. Input circuit
Figure 8. Status circuit
Pin functions VNI4140K-32
16/28 DocID022576 Rev 6
Figure 9. Charge pump switching frequency (typical) vs. temperature
Freq_CP
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
-50 0 50 100 150 200
temperature("C)
CP_frequency (KHz)
Freq_CP
DocID022576 Rev 6 17/28
VNI4140K-32 Package and PCB thermal data
9 Package and PCB thermal data
9.1 VNI4140K-32 thermal data
Figure 10. VNI4140K-32 PCB
Note: Layout condition of R
th
and Z
th
measurements (PCB: double layer, thermal vias, FR4 area =
77 mm x 86 mm, PCB thickness=1.6 mm, Cu thickness = 70 mm (front and back side),
copper areas: from minimum pad layout to 8 cm
2
).
Figure 11. R
th(JA)
vs. PCB copper area in open box free air condition (one channel ON)
Package and PCB thermal data VNI4140K-32
18/28 DocID022576 Rev 6
Figure 12. VNI4140K-32 thermal impedance junction-ambient single pulse
(one channel ON)
DocID022576 Rev 6 19/28
VNI4140K-32 Reverse polarity protection
10 Reverse polarity protection
Reverse polarity protection can be implemented on board using two different solutions:
1. Placing a resistor (R
GND
) between IC GND pin and load GND
2. Placing a diode between IC GND pin and load GND
If option 1 is selected, the minimum resistance value has to be selected according to the
following equation:
Equation 1
R
GND
≥
V
CC
/ I
GND
where I
GND
is the DC reverse ground pin current and can be found in Section 2: Maximum
ratings of this datasheet.
Power dissipated by R
GND
(when V
CC
< 0: during reverse polarity situations) is:
Equation 2
P
D
= V
CC2
/R
GND
If option 2 is selected, the diode has to be chosen by taking into account VRRM >|V
cc
| and
its power dissipation cap ability:
Equation 3
P
D
≥
I
S
*V
F
Note: In normal conditions (no reverse polarity), due to the diode, there is a voltage drop between
GND of the device and GND of the system.
Figure 13. Reverse polarity protection
This schematic can be used with any type of load.
Status
i
Input
i
GND
Output
i
+ Vcc
R
GND
Load
Diode
Status
i
Input
i
GND
Output
i
+ Vcc
R
GND
Load
Diode
Demagnetization energy VNI4140K-32
20/28 DocID022576 Rev 6
11 Demagnetization energy
Figure 14. Maximum demagnetization energy vs. load current, typical values
0.10
0.60
1.10
1.60
2.10
2.60
3.10
3.60
4.10
4.60
5.10
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1
Single channel
demagnetization
Four channels
demagnetization
Iout (A)
Eoff (J)
T
amb=
125 °C
GIPD0511130116LM
DocID022576 Rev 6 21/28
VNI4140K-32 Package mechanical data
12 Package mechanical data
In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in different grades of
ECOPACK
®
packages, depending on their level of environmental compliance. ECOPACK
®
specifications, grade definitions and product status are available at:www.st.com.
ECOPACK
®
is an ST trademark.
Table 10. PowerSS O-24 mech anical data
Symbol mm
Min. Typ. Max.
A 2.15 2.47
A2 2.15 2.40
a1 0 0.075
b 0.33 0.51
c 0.23 0.32
D 10.10 10.50
E 7.4 7.6
e 0.8
e3 8.8
G 0.1
G1 0.06
H 10.1 10.5
h 0.4
L 0.55 0.85
N 10deg
X 4.1 4.7
Y 6.5 7.1
Package mechanical data VNI4140K-32
22/28 DocID022576 Rev 6
Figure 15. PowerSSO-24 package dimensions
Figure 16. PowerSSO-24 tube shipment (no suffix)
Note: All dimensions are in mm.
Table 11. PowerSSO-24 tube shipment
Base quantity 49
Bulk quantity 1225
Tube length (± 0.5) 532
A 3.5
B 13.8
C (± 0.1) 0.6
DocID022576 Rev 6 23/28
VNI4140K-32 Package mechanical data
Figure 17. PowerSSO-24 reel shipment (suffix “TR”)
Table 12. PowerSSO-24 reel dimensions
Base quantity 1000
Bulk quantity 1000
A (max.) 330
B (min.) 1.5
C (± 0.2) 13
F 20.2
G (2 ± 0) 24.4
N (min.) 100
T (max.) 30.4
Package mechanical data VNI4140K-32
24/28 DocID022576 Rev 6
Figure 18. PowerSSO-24 tape drawings
Note: According to the Electronic Industries Association (EIA) standard 481 rev. A, Feb 1986.
Table 13. PowerSSO-24 tape dimensions
Tape width W 24
Tape hole spacing P0 (± 0.1) 4
Compon ent spacing P 12
Hole diameter D (± 0.05) 1.55
Hole diameter D1 (min.) 1.5
Hole position F (± 0.1) 11.5
Comp artm ent depth K (max.) 2.85
Hole spacing P1 (± 0.1) 2
DocID022576 Rev 6 25/28
VNI4140K-32 Package mechanical data
Figure 19. VNI4140K-32 suggested footprint
Note: STMicroelectronics is not responsible for any PCB related issues. The footprint shown in the
above figure is a suggestion which might not be in line to the customer PCB supplier design
rules.
All dimensions are in mm.
6ROGHU0DVN2SHQLQJ
5
±
Ordering information VNI4140K-32
26/28 DocID022576 Rev 6
13 Ordering information
Table 14. Ordering infor mat ion
Order codes Package Packaging
VNI4140K-32 PowerSSO-24 Tube
VNI4140KTR -32 PowerSSO-24 Tape and reel
DocID022576 Rev 6 27/28
VNI4140K-32 Revision history
14 Revision history
Table 15. Document revision history
Date Revision Changes
12-Dec-2011 1 Initial release.
06-Feb-2012 2
Updated I
lim
minimum value in Table 8: Protection and
diagnostic.
Inserted new feature: ESD according to IEC 61000-4-2 up
to +/-25 KV, in cover page.
07-Mar-2012 3 Suggested footpri nt inserted .
In Table 5. parameter I
LGND
has been added.
25-Mar-2013 4 U pda ted I
LIM
minimum value
in Table 8.
Minor text chan ges .
06-Nov-2013 5 U pda ted E
AS
value in Table 2: Absolute maximum ratings.
Added Figure 14.
11-Dec-2013 6 Updated Section 10.
VNI4140K-32
28/28 DocID022576 Rev 6
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