_______________General Description
The MAX1406 is an RS-232 IC designed to meet the
stringent electrostatic discharge (ESD) requirements of
the European community. All transmitter outputs and
receiver inputs are protected to ±15kV using IEC1000-4-2
Air-Gap Discharge, ±8kV using IEC 1000-4-2 Contact
Discharge, and ±15kV using the Human Body Model.
The MAX1406 has three RS-232 transmitters and three
RS-232 receivers, and is optimized for operation in
printer, modem, and telecom applications. It is guaran-
teed to run at data rates up to 230kbps, providing com-
patibility with popular software for communicating with
personal computers. Power-supply current is less than
500µA for IDD and ISS, and less than 1mA for ICC.
The MAX1406 is pin and functionally compatible with the
industry-standard MC145406, so existing designs can
instantly become Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
compliant. The MAX1406 is available in DIP and SO pack-
ages, and in a tiny SSOP that reduces board space.
________________________Applications
Telecommunications
Modems
Printers
Instruments
Equipment Meeting IEC1000-4-2
____________________________Features
♦Enhanced ESD Protection:
±15kV Human Body Model
±8kV IEC1000-4-2, Contact Discharge
±15kV IEC1000-4-2, Air-Gap Discharge
♦Latchup Free During an ESD Event
♦16-Pin SSOP or SO Packages
♦Guaranteed 230kbps Data Rate
♦Flow-Through Pinout
♦Pin Compatible with MC145406
MAX1406
±15kV ESD-Protected, EMC-Compliant,
230kbps, 3-Tx/3-Rx RS-232 IC
________________________________________________________________
Maxim Integrated Products
1
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
VCC
R1OUT
T1IN
R2OUT
T2IN
R3OUT
T3IN
VDD
R1IN
T1OUT
R2IN
T2OUT
R3IN
T3OUT
VSS
TOP VIEW
MAX1406
DIP/SO/SSOP
GND
__________________Pin Configuration
________________Functional Diagram
19-1120; Rev 0; 9/96
PART
MAX1406CPE
MAX1406CWE
MAX1406CAE 0°C to +70°C
0°C to +70°C
0°C to +70°C
TEMP. RANGE PIN-PACKAGE
16 Plastic DIP
16 Wide SO
16 SSOP
______________Ordering Information
For free samples & the latest literature: http://www.maxim-ic.com, or phone 1-800-998-8800
MAX1406C/D 0°C to +70°C Dice*
MAX1406EPE -40°C to +85°C 16 Plastic DIP
MAX1406EWE -40°C to +85°C 16 Wide SO
MAX1406EAE -40°C to +85°C 16 SSOP
*Dice are specified at TA= +25°C, DC parameters only.
VDD
+12V
0.1µF
VSS
VCC
R3OUT R3 R3IN
GND
R1OUT R1 R1IN
R2OUT R2 R2IN
T1IN T1OUT
T1
T2IN T2 T2OUT
T3IN T3 T3OUT
-12V
+5V
0.1µF
0.1µF
MAX1406
MAX1406
±15kV ESD-Protected, EMC-Compliant,
230kbps, 3-Tx/3-Rx RS-232 IC
2 _______________________________________________________________________________________
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VCC = +4.5V to +5.5V, VDD = +10.8V to +13.2V, VSS = -10.8V to -13.2V, TA= TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values
are at TA= +25°C.)
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
VCC...........................................................................-0.3V to +7V
VDD.........................................................................-0.3V to +14V
VSS..........................................................................+0.3V to -14V
Input Voltages
TIN .........................................................................-0.3V to +6V
RIN ....................................................................................±30V
Output Voltages
TOUT..................................................................................±15V
ROUT........................................................-0.3V to (VCC + 0.3V)
Short-Circuit Duration
TOUT (one at a time)................................................Continuous
ROUT (one at a time)................................................Continuous
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA= +70°C)
DIP (derate 10.53mW/°C above +70°C).......................842mW
Wide SO (derate 20.00mW/°C above +70°C)...................1.6W
SSOP (derate 8.00mW/°C above +70°C) .....................640mW
Operating Temperature Ranges
MAX1406C_E.......................................................0°C to +70°C
MAX1406E_E....................................................-40°C to +85°C
Storage Temperature Range ............................-65°C to +160°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10sec) ............................+300°C
VCC = VDD = VSS = 0V, VT_OUT = ±2V
VDD = 7.0V, VSS = -7.0V, RL= 3kΩ
T_IN
T_IN
R_OUT; ISOURCE = 1mA
R_OUT; ISINK = 3.2mA
CONDITIONS
V2.4RS-232 Input Threshold High V0.75RS-232 Input Threshold Low
V-25 +25
Receiver Input Voltage
Operating Range
RECEIVER INPUTS
mA±35 ±60
RS-232 Output Short-Circuit
Current
Ω
300Transmitter Output Resistance
±5.0
Output Voltage Swing
TRANSMITTER OUTPUTS VVCC - 0.6VOHR
Output Voltage High V0.4VOLR
Output Voltage Low
10.8 13.2VDD
4.5 5.5VCC
DC CHARACTERISTICS
µA
0.01 1Input Leakage Current V2.0VIHT
Input Logic Threshold High V0.8VILT
Input Logic Threshold Low
LOGIC
V
-13.2 -10.8
VSS
Operating Voltage Range
230 1000ICC 185 500IDD µA
185 500ISS
Supply Current
UNITSMIN TYP MAXSYMBOLPARAMETER
VDD = 12V, VSS = -12V, RL= 3kΩ±9.5 V
V0.65RS-232 Input Hysteresis
No load
MAX1406
±15kV ESD-Protected, EMC-Compliant,
230kbps, 3-Tx/3-Rx RS-232 IC
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 3
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(VCC = +4.5V to +5.5V, VDD = +10.8V to +13.2V, VSS = -10.8V to -13.2V, TA= TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values
are at TA= +25°C.)
TIMING CHARACTERISTICS
(TA= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
CONDITIONS
kΩ
357RS-232 Input Resistance
RECEIVER INPUTS (continued)
UNITSMIN TYP MAXSYMBOLPARAMETER
mA±10
Receiver Output Short-Circuit
Current
ESD CHARACTERISTICS Human Body Model ±15
IEC1000-4-2 (Contact Discharge) ±8
IEC1000-4-2 (Air-Gap Discharge) kV
±15
ESD Protection
VDD = 12V, VSS = -12V,
RL= 3kΩ to 7kΩ, measured
from +3V to -3V or -3V to +3V
µs
0.4tSKT
Transmitter Propagation Delay
Skew, |tPLHT - tPHLT|
µs
4tPLHT
µs
4tPLHT
Transmitter Output Propagation
Delay, Low to High
Transmitter Output Propagation
Delay, High to Low
V/µs
41230
SRTransition Output Slew Rate
µs
4.0tPLHR
Receiver Output Propagation
Delay, Low to High
UNITSMIN TYP MAXSYMBOLPARAMETER
VDD = 12V, VSS = -12V, RL= 3kΩ, CL= 1000pF
CONDITIONS
81230
µs
4.0tPHLR
Receiver Output Propagation
Delay, High to Low
µs
0.4tSKR
Receiver Propagation Delay
Skew, |tPLHR - tPHLR|
kbps
120
DRGuaranteed Data Rate VCC = 5V, VDD = 12V,
VSS = -12V, RL= 3kΩ to 7kΩ
CL= 150pF to
2500pF
VCC = 5V, CL= 50pF
VCC = 5V, CL= 50pF
VCC = 5V, CL= 50pF
CL= 150pF to
2500pF
VDD = 12V, VSS = -12V RL= 3kΩ, CL= 1000pF
VDD = 12V, VSS = -12V RL= 3kΩ, CL= 1000pF
CL= 50pF to
1000pF
CL= 50pF to
1000pF 230
MAX1406
±15kV ESD-Protected, EMC-Compliant,
230kbps, 3-Tx/3-Rx RS-232 IC
4 _______________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________Typical Operating Characteristics
(VCC = +5.0V, VDD = +12.0V, VSS = -12.0V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
-2010.8
SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX1406 TOC-1
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
ICC
20
11.4 12.0 12.6 13.2
1 TRANSMITTER AT DATA RATE
2 TRANMITTERS AT DATA RATE/16
IDD, 240kbps
IDD, 20kbps
IDD, 120kbps
ISS, 20kbps
ISS, 120kbps
ISS, 240kbps
3kΩ + 2500pF LOAD
-25 0
SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. LOAD CAPACITANCE
MAX1406 TOC-2
LOAD CAPACITANCE (pF)
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
-15
-20
-10
-5
0
10
5
15
20
25
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
ICC 1 TRANSMITTER AT DATA RATE
2 TRANMITTERS AT DATA RATE/16
IDD, 240kbps
IDD, 20kbps
IDD, 120kbps
ISS, 20kbps
ISS, 120kbps
ISS, 240kbps
3kΩ + CL
00
SLEW RATE
vs. LOAD CAPACITANCE
MAX1406 TOC-4
LOAD CAPACITANCE (pF)
SLEW RATE (V/µs)
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
FALL
RISE
1 TRANSMITTER AT DATA RATE
2 TRANMITTERS AT DATA RATE/16
3kΩ + CL LOAD
-12.5 0
TRANSMITTER OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs. LOAD CAPACITANCE
MAX1406 TOC-3
LOAD CAPACITANCE (pF)
TRANSMITTER OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
-7.5
-10.0
-5.0
-2.5
0
5.0
2.5
7.5
10.0
12.5
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
1 TRANSMITTER AT DATA RATE
2 TRANMITTERS AT DATA RATE/16
3kΩ + CL LOAD
240kbps
120kbps
120kbps
240kbps
_______________Detailed Description
RS-232 Transmitters
The transmitters are inverting level translators that con-
vert CMOS-logic input levels to an EIA/TIA-232 voltage
between ±5V and ±13.2V, into a load between 3kΩand
7kΩ. The MAX1406 guarantees a 230kbps data rate
with a worst-case load of 3kΩ and 1000pF, providing
compatibility with PC-to-PC communication software.
When the power is off, the MAX1406 outputs are permit-
ted to be driven up to ±15V. The transmitter inputs do
not have internal pull-up resistors. Connect unused
inputs to GND or VCC.
RS-232 Receivers
The receiver inputs invert and convert the RS-232 sig-
nals to CMOS-logic output levels. The MAX1406 has
hysteresis of 650mV. The receiver output swings
between GND and VCC.
±15kV ESD Protection
As with all Maxim devices, electrostatic discharge
(ESD) protection structures are incorporated on all pins
to protect against ESD encountered during handling
and assembly. The MAX1406 driver outputs and receiv-
er inputs have extra protection against static electricity
found in normal operation. Maxim’s engineers devel-
oped state-of-the-art structures to protect these pins
against ±15kV ESD without damage. After an ESD
event, the MAX1406 continues working without latchup.
ESD protection can be tested in several ways. The
transmitter outputs and the receiver inputs are charac-
terized for protection to the following:
1) ±15kV using the Human Body Model
2) ±8kV using the Contact-Discharge method specified
in IEC1000-4-2 (formerly IEC801-2)
3) ±15kV using the Air-Gap Discharge method speci-
fied in IEC1000-4-2 (formerly IEC801-2)
ESD Test Conditions
ESD performance depends on a number of conditions.
Contact Maxim for a reliability report that documents
test setup, methodology, and results.
MAX1406
±15kV ESD-Protected, EMC-Compliant,
230kbps, 3-Tx/3-Rx RS-232 IC
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 5
______________________________________________________________Pin Description
NAME FUNCTION
1 VDD Supply-Voltage Input, +10.8V to +13.2V
3, 5, 7 T1OUT, T2OUT,T3OUT Transmitter Outputs, swing between VDD and VSS
PIN
2, 4, 6 R1IN, R2IN, R3IN Receiver Inputs
8 VSS Supply-Voltage Input, -10.8V to -13.2V
16 VCC Supply-Voltage Input, +4.5V to +5.5V
11, 13, 15 R3OUT, R2OUT, R1OUT Receiver Outputs, swing between GND and VCC
10, 12, 14 T3IN, T2IN, T1IN Transmitter Inputs. Tie unused inputs to GND or VCC.
9 GND Ground. Connect to system ground.
Figure 1. Slew-Rate Test Circuit and Timing Diagram
tF2
tF1
tPHL tPLH
tR1
tR2
1.5V
3.0V
0V
0V
DRIVER
INPUT
VOUT
VOH
VOL
3.3V
3.0V
-3.0V
-3.3V
RLCL
SIGNAL
GENERATOR
MAX1406
Human Body Model
Figure 2a shows the Human Body Model, and Figure
2b shows the current waveform it generates when dis-
charged into a low impedance. This model consists of
a 100pF capacitor charged to the ESD voltage of inter-
est, which is then discharged into the device through a
1.5kΩresistor.
IEC1000-4-2
The IEC1000-4-2 standard covers ESD testing and per-
formance of finished equipment; it does not specifically
refer to integrated circuits. The MAX1406 helps you
design equipment that meets Level 4 (the highest level)
of IEC1000-4-2, without additional ESD-protection com-
ponents.
The main difference between tests done using the
Human Body Model and IEC1000-4-2 is higher peak
current in IEC1000-4-2 (Figure 3). Because series resis-
tance is lower in the IEC1000-4-2 ESD test model, the
ESD withstand voltage measured to this standard is
generally lower than that measured using the Human
Body Model. Figure 3b shows the current waveform for
the ±8kV IEC1000-4-2 Level 4 ESD Contact-Discharge
test.
The Air-Gap test involves approaching the device with
a charge probe. The Contact-Discharge method con-
nects the probe to the device before the probe is ener-
gized.
Machine Model
The Machine Model for ESD testing uses a 200pF stor-
age capacitor and zero-discharge resistance. It mimics
the stress caused by handling during manufacturing
and assembly. Of course, all pins (not just RS-232
inputs and outputs) require this protection during man-
ufacturing. Therefore, the Machine Model is less rele-
vant to the I/O ports than are the Human Body Model
and IEC1000-4-2.
±15kV ESD-Protected, EMC-Compliant,
230kbps, 3-Tx/3-Rx RS-232 IC
6 _______________________________________________________________________________________
Figure 2. Human Body ESD Test Model and ESD-Generator
Current Waveform Figure 3. IEC1000-4-2 Test Model and ESD-Generator Current
Waveform
IP 100%
90%
36.8%
tRL TIMEtDL
CURRENT WAVEFORM
PEAK-TO-PEAK RINGING
(NOT DRAWN TO SCALE)
Ir
10%
00
AMPERES
tr = 0.7ns to 1ns 30ns 60ns
t
100%
90%
10%
IPEAK
I
CHARGE-CURRENT
LIMIT RESISTOR DISCHARGE
RESISTANCE
STORAGE
CAPACITOR
Cs
100pF
RC 1M RD 1500Ω
HIGH-
VOLTAGE
DC
SOURCE
DEVICE
UNDER
TEST
CHARGE-CURRENT
LIMIT RESISTOR DISCHARGE
RESISTANCE
STORAGE
CAPACITOR
Cs
150pF
RC 50M to 100M RD 330Ω
HIGH-
VOLTAGE
DC
SOURCE
DEVICE
UNDER
TEST
a) a)
b)b)
__________Applications Information
Because the MAX1406 is not sensitive to power-supply
sequencing, no external protection diodes are required.
Any of the three supplies can power up first. However,
use proper layout techniques to ensure other devices
on your board are not damaged in case of an ESD
event.
• Minimize the ground-lead return path to the power
supply, because currents as high as 60A can pass
into the ground.
• Use a separate return path to the power supply.
• Make trace widths greater than 40 mils.
• Bypass VCC, VDD, and VSS with 0.1µF capacitors as
close to the MAX1406 as possible to ensure maxi-
mum ESD protection.
• Tie any unused transmitter inputs to GND or VCC to
minimize power consumption.
___________________Chip Topography
MAX1406
±15kV ESD-Protected, EMC-Compliant,
230kbps, 3-Tx/3-Rx RS-232 IC
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 7
R1IN
VDD VCC
R1OUT
VSS GND
T1OUT
R2IN
T2OUT
R3IN
T3OUT
T1IN
R2OUT
T2IN
R3OUT
T3IN
0.094"
(2.38mm)
0.153"
(3.89mm)
TRANSISTOR COUNT: 161
SUBSTRATE CONNECTED TO GND
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
8
___________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 (408) 737-7600
MAX1406
±15kV ESD-Protected, EMC-Compliant,
230kbps, 3-Tx/3-Rx, RS-232 IC
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
8
___________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 (408) 737-7600
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
8
___________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 (408) 737-7600
© 1996 Maxim Integrated Products Printed USA is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products.
________________________________________________________Package Information
DIM
A
A1
A2
A3
B
B1
C
D1
E
E1
e
eA
eB
L
MIN
–
0.015
0.125
0.055
0.016
0.045
0.008
0.005
0.300
0.240
0.100
0.300
–
0.115
MAX
0.200
–
0.175
0.080
0.022
0.065
0.012
0.080
0.325
0.310
–
–
0.400
0.150
MIN
–
0.38
3.18
1.40
0.41
1.14
0.20
0.13
7.62
6.10
2.54
7.62
–
2.92
MAX
5.08
–
4.45
2.03
0.56
1.65
0.30
2.03
8.26
7.87
–
–
10.16
3.81
INCHES MILLIMETERS
Plastic DIP
PLASTIC
DUAL-IN-LINE
PACKAGE
(0.300 in.)
DIM
D
D
D
D
D
D
PKG.
P
P
P
P
P
N
MIN
0.348
0.735
0.745
0.885
1.015
1.14
MAX
0.390
0.765
0.765
0.915
1.045
1.265
MIN
8.84
18.67
18.92
22.48
25.78
28.96
MAX
9.91
19.43
19.43
23.24
26.54
32.13
INCHES MILLIMETERS
PINS
8
14
16
18
20
24
C
AA2
E1
D
E
eA
eB
A3
B1
B
0° - 15°
A1
L
D1
e
21-0043A
DIM
A
A1
B
C
E
e
H
L
MIN
0.093
0.004
0.014
0.009
0.291
0.394
0.016
MAX
0.104
0.012
0.019
0.013
0.299
0.419
0.050
MIN
2.35
0.10
0.35
0.23
7.40
10.00
0.40
MAX
2.65
0.30
0.49
0.32
7.60
10.65
1.27
INCHES MILLIMETERS
21-0042A
Wide SO
SMALL-OUTLINE
PACKAGE
(0.300 in.)
DIM
D
D
D
D
D
MIN
0.398
0.447
0.496
0.598
0.697
MAX
0.413
0.463
0.512
0.614
0.713
MIN
10.10
11.35
12.60
15.20
17.70
MAX
10.50
11.75
13.00
15.60
18.10
INCHES MILLIMETERS
PINS
16
18
20
24
28
1.27
0.050
L
HE
D
e
A
A1 C
0°- 8°
0.101mm
0.004in.
B
