LM317M Three-Terminal Adjustable Output Positive Voltage Regulator The LM317M is an adjustable three-terminal positive voltage regulator capable of supplying in excess of 500 mA over an output voltage range of 1.2 V to 37 V. This voltage regulator is exceptionally easy to use and requires only two external resistors to set the output voltage. Further, it employs internal current limiting, thermal shutdown and safe area compensation, making it essentially blow-out proof. The LM317M serves a wide variety of applications including local, on-card regulation. This device also makes an especially simple adjustable switching regulator, a programmable output regulator, or by connecting a fixed resistor between the adjustment and output, the LM317M can be used as a precision current regulator. * Output Current in Excess of 500 mA * Output Adjustable between 1.2 V and 37 V * Internal Thermal Overload Protection * Internal Short Circuit Current Limiting * Output Transistor Safe-Area Compensation * Floating Operation for High Voltage Applications * Eliminates Stocking Many Fixed Voltages http://onsemi.com Heatsink surface connected to Pin 2 1 SOT-223 ST SUFFIX CASE 318E 1 2 Vin LM317M Vout Vout IAdj Adjust ** +C O 1.0F 3 DPAK DT SUFFIX CASE 369A R1 240 * Cin 0.1F 3 TO-220AB T SUFFIX CASE 221A Simplified Application Vin 2 1 2 3 Heatsink Surface (shown as terminal 4 in case outline drawing) is connected to Pin 2. R2 PIN ASSIGNMENT * = Cin is required if regulator is located an appreciable distance from power supply filter. ** = CO is not needed for stability, however, it does improve transient response. Vout 1 Adjust 2 Vout 3 Vin + 1.25 V 1 ) RR21 ) IAdj R2 Since IAdj is controlled to less than 100 A, the error associated with this term is negligible in most applications. ORDERING INFORMATION See detailed ordering and shipping information in the package dimensions section on page 10 of this data sheet. Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 1999 November, 1999 - Rev. 6 1 Publication Order Number: LM317M/D LM317M MAXIMUM RATINGS (TA = 25C, unless otherwise noted.) Rating Input-Output Voltage Differential Power Dissipation (Package Limitation) (Note 1) Plastic Package, T Suffix, Case 221A TA = 25C Thermal Resistance, Junction-to-Air Thermal Resistance, Junction-to-Case Plastic Package, DT Suffix, Case 369A TA = 25C Thermal Resistance, Junction-to-Air Thermal Resistance, Junction-to-Case Plastic Package, ST Suffix, Case 318E TA = 25C Thermal Resistance, Junction-to-Air Thermal Resistance, Junction-to-Case Operating Junction Temperature Range Storage Temperature Range Symbol Value Unit VI-VO 40 Vdc PD JA JC Internally Limited 70 5.0 C/W C/W PD JA JC Internally Limited 92 5.0 C/W C/W PD JA JC Internally Limited 245 15 C/W C/W TJ - 40 to +125 C Tstg - 65 to +150 C NOTE: 1. Figure 23 provides thermal resistance versus pc board pad size. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VI-VO = 5.0 V; IO = 0.1 A, TJ = Tlow to Thigh [Note 1], unless otherwise noted.) Characteristics Figure Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Line Regulation (Note 2) TA = 25C, 3.0 V VI-VO 40 V 1 Regline - 0.01 0.04 %/V Load Regulation (Note 2) TA = 25C, 10 mA IO 0.5 A VO 5.0 V VO 5.0 V 2 Regload - - 5.0 0.1 25 0.5 mV % VO 3 IAdj - 50 100 A Adjustment Pin Current Change 2.5 V VI-VO 40 V, 10 mA IL 0.5 A, PD Pmax 1,2 IAdj - 0.2 5.0 A Reference Voltage 3.0 V VI-VO 40 V, 10 mA IO 0.5 A, PD Pmax: 3 Vref 1.200 1.250 1.300 Line Regulation (Note 2) 3.0 V VI-VO 40 V 1 Regline - 0.02 0.07 %/V Load Regulation (Note 2) 10 mA IO 0.5 A VO 5.0 V VO 5.0 V 2 Regload - - 20 0.3 70 1.5 mV % VO Temperature Stability (Tlow TJ Thigh) 3 TS - 0.7 - % VO Minimum Load Current to Maintain Regulation (VI-VO = 40 V) 3 ILmin - 3.5 10 mA Maximum Output Current VI-VO 15 V, PD Pmax VI-VO = 40 V, PD Pmax, TA = 25C 3 Imax 0.5 0.15 0.9 0.25 - - RMS Noise, % of VO TA= 25C, 10 Hz f 10 kHz - N - 0.003 - Ripple Rejection, VO = 10 V, f = 120 Hz (Note 3) Without CAdj CAdj = 10 F 4 RR - 66 65 80 - - Long-Term Stability, TJ = Thigh (Note 4) TA= 25C for Endpoint Measurements 3 - 0.3 1.0 Adjustment Pin Current S V A % VO dB %/1.0 k Hrs. NOTES: 1. Tlow to Thigh = 0 to +125C for LM317M Tlow to Thigh = - 40 to +125C for LM317MB 2. Load and line regulation are specified at constant junction temperature. Changes in VO due to heating effects must be taken into account separately. Pulse testing with low duty cycle is used. 3. CAdj, when used, is connected between the adjustment pin and ground. 4. Since Long-Term Stability cannot be measured on each device before shipment, this specification is an engineering estimate of average stability from lot to lot. http://onsemi.com 2 LM317M Representative Schematic Diagram Vin 300 300 300 3.0k 300 70 6.8V 6.8V 350 18k 8.67k 500 130 400 5.1k 200k 6.3V 180 180 2.0k 6.0k 60 10 pF 10 pF 1.25 Vout 2.4k 12.8k http://onsemi.com 3 50 Adjust LM317M Figure 1. Line Regulation and IAdj/Line Test Circuit VCC Line Regulation (%/V) = * VOH - VOL x 100 VOL VIH VIL Vin LM317M Adjust Cin VOH VOL Vout 0.1F R1 240 1% RL + CO IAdj 1.0F R2 1% * Pulse Testing Required: 1% Duty Cycle is suggested. Figure 2. Load Regulation and IAdj/Load Test Circuit Load Regulation (mV) = VO (min Load) -VO (max Load) Load Regulation (% VO) = Vin Vin LM317M Adjust Vout VO (min Load) - VO (max Load) VO (min Load) 0.1F VO (min Load) VO (max Load) IL R1 RL (max Load) 240 1% * + Cin X 100 CO IAdj R2 1% * Pulse Testing Required: 1% Duty Cycle is suggested. http://onsemi.com 4 1.0F RL (min Load) LM317M Figure 3. Standard Test Circuit Vin Vout LM317M IL Adjust 240 1% R1 VI IAdj Vref RL + 0.1F Cin CO 1F VO ISET R2 1% To Calculate R2: Vout = ISET R2 + 1.250 V Assume ISET = 5.25 mA *Pulse Testing Required: 1% Duty Cycle is suggested. Figure 4. Ripple Rejection Test Circuit 24V Vout Vin 14V f = 120 Hz Vout = 10 V LM317M Adjust Cin 240 1% R1 0.1F D1 * 1N4002 CO R2 1.65K 1% ** CAdj RL + 1.0F + 10F * D1 Discharges CAdj if Output is Shorted to Ground. **CAdj provides an AC ground to the adjust pin. http://onsemi.com 5 VO LM317M Figure 5. Load Regulation Figure 6. Ripple Rejection 0.4 Vin = 45 V Vout = 5.0 V IL = 5.0 mA to 40 mA 0.2 RR, RIPPLE REJECTION (dB) V out , OUTPUT VOLTAGE CHANGE (%) 90 0 -0.2 Vin = 10 V Vout = 5.0 V IL = 5.0 mA to 100 mA -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 80 Without CAdj = 10 F 70 50 -1.0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (C) -50 150 -25 Figure 7. Current Limit V in -Vout , INPUT-OUTPUT VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL (V) Iout , OUTPUT CURRENT (A) 0.80 0.60 TJ = 25C TJ = 125C 0.20 150 2.5 IL = 500 mA 2.0 IL = 100 mA 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0 10 20 30 40 Vin-Vout, INPUT-OUTPUT VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL (V) 50 -50 Figure 9. Minimum Operating Current 100 4.5 90 4.0 3.5 3.0 TJ = 25C 2.5 TJ = 125C 2.0 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (C) 1.5 1.0 IL = 40 mA Vin = 5.0 V 1.0 VPP Vout = 1.25 V 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0.5 0 150 Figure 10. Ripple Rejection versus Frequency 5.0 RR, RIPPLE REJECTION (dB) IB , QUIESCENT CURRENT (mA) 0 25 50 75 100 125 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (C) Figure 8. Dropout Voltage 1.0 0.40 Without CAdj IL = 100 mA f = 120 Hz Vout = 10 V Vin = 14 V to 24 V 60 10 20 30 40 Vin-Vout, INPUT-OUTPUT VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL (Vdc) 10 http://onsemi.com 6 100 1.0 k 10 k 100 k 1.0 M f, FREQUENCY (Hz) LM317M Figure 11. Temperature Stability Figure 12. Adjustment Pin Current IAdj, ADJUSTMENT PIN CURRENT ( A) Vref, REFERENCE VOLTAGE (V) 1.260 1.250 1.240 Vin = 4.2 V Vout = Vref IL = 5.0 mA 1.230 80 Vin = 6.25 V Vout = Vref IL = 10 mA IL = 100 mA 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 1.220 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (C) -50 150 -25 Vin = 4.25 V to 41.25 V Vout = Vref IL = 5.0 mA 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 75 100 125 150 125 150 10 8.0 6.0 -0.8 4.0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (C) 150 -50 1.5 1.0 CL = 1.0 F 0 -0.5 Vout = 10 V IL = 50 mA TJ = 25C -1.0 -1.5 CL = 0 1.0 Vin 0.5 0 0 10 20 t, TIME (s) 30 0 25 50 75 100 Figure 16. Load Transient Response Vout , OUTPUT VOLTAGE DEVIATION (V) Figure 15. Line Transient Response 0.5 -25 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (C) I L , LOAD CURRENT (A) Vout , OUTPUT VOLTAGE DEVIATION (V) 50 Bandwidth 100 Hz to 10 kHz -1.0 Vin , INPUT VOLTAGE CHANGE (V) 25 Figure 14. Output Noise NOISE VOLTAGE ( V) Vout , OUTPUT VOLTAGE CHANGE (%) Figure 13. Line Regulation 0.4 0 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (C) 40 3.0 2.0 1.0 CL = 1.0 F; CAdj = 10 F 0 -2.0 CL = 0.3 F; CAdj = 10 F -3.0 1.5 1.0 IL 0.5 0 0 http://onsemi.com 7 Vin = 15 V Vout = 10 V INL = 50 mA TJ = 25C -1.0 10 20 t, TIME (s) 30 40 LM317M APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Basic Circuit Operation External Capacitors The LM317M is a three-terminal floating regulator. In operation, the LM317M develops and maintains a nominal 1.25 V reference (Vref) between its output and adjustment terminals. This reference voltage is converted to a programming current (IPROG) by R1 (see Figure 17), and this constant current flows through R2 to ground. The regulated output voltage is given by: A 0.1 F disc or 1.0 F tantalum input bypass capacitor (Cin) is recommended to reduce the sensitivity to input line impedance. The adjustment terminal may be bypassed to ground to improve ripple rejection. This capacitor (CAdj) prevents ripple from being amplified as the output voltage is increased. A 10 F capacitor should improve ripple rejection about 15 dB at 120 Hz in a 10 V application. Although the LM317M is stable with no output capacitance, like any feedback circuit, certain values of external capacitance can cause excessive ringing. An output capacitance (CO) in the form of a 1.0 F tantalum or 25 F aluminum electrolytic capacitor on the output swamps this effect and insures stability. Vout + Vref 1 ) RR21 ) IAdj R2 Since the current from the terminal (IAdj) represents an error term in the equation, the LM317M was designed to control IAdj to less than 100 A and keep it constant. To do this, all quiescent operating current is returned to the output terminal. This imposes the requirement for a minimum load current. If the load current is less than this minimum, the output voltage will rise. Since the LM317M is a floating regulator, it is only the voltage differential across the circuit which is important to performance, and operation at high voltages with respect to ground is possible. Protection Diodes When external capacitors are used with any IC regulator it is sometimes necessary to add protection diodes to prevent the capacitors from discharging through low current points into the regulator. Figure 18 shows the LM317M with the recommended protection diodes for output voltages in excess of 25 V or high capacitance values (CO > 25 F, CAdj > 5.0 F). Diode D1 prevents CO from discharging thru the IC during an input short circuit. Diode D2 protects against capacitor CAdj discharging through the IC during an output short circuit. The combination of diodes D1 and D2 prevents CAdj from discharging through the IC during an input short circuit. Figure 17. Basic Circuit Configuration Vout Vin LM317M + R1 Vref Adjust IPROG Figure 18. Voltage Regulator with Protection Diodes Vout IAdj R2 D1 Vref = 1.25 V Typical 1N4002 Vin Load Regulation Vout Vout LM317M The LM317M is capable of providing extremely good load regulation, but a few precautions are needed to obtain maximum performance. For best performance, the programming resistor (R1) should be connected as close to the regulator as possible to minimize line drops which effectively appear in series with the reference, thereby degrading regulation. The ground end of R2 can be returned near the load ground to provide remote ground sensing and improve load regulation. + Cin R1 Adjust 8 CO 1N4002 R2 http://onsemi.com D2 CAdj LM317M Figure 19. Adjustable Current Limiter +25V Vout LM317M D1 IO 1.25k Vin Adjust 1N4002 500 Vin Vin D1 1N914 R2 * To provide current limiting of IO to the system ground, the source of the current limiting diode must be tied to a negative voltage below - 7.25 V. R2 VO R1 Figure 20. 5 V Electronic Shutdown Regulator Vout + 1.0F 120 D2 1N914 Adjust MPS2222 1.0k 1N5314 Minimum Vout = 1.25 V VSS* Vref R1 = IOmax + IDSS D1 protects the device during an input short circuit. VO < POV + 1.25 V + VSS ILmin - IP < IO < 500 mA - IP As shown O < IO < 495 mA Figure 21. Slow Turn-On Regulator Vout 240 Adjust Figure 22. Current Regulator Vout LM317M R1 Vin 1N4001 Vout IAdj Adjust MPS2907 Iout R2 LM317M 50k R2 TTL Control 720 Vref IDSS Vin Vout LM317M + 10F Ioutmax = Vref R1 + R2 + IAdj V ^ R1.25 1 + R2 90 III III III III 2.0 oz. Copper L 80 Minimum Size Pad 70 280 2.50 L 60 50 2.0 240 1.6 200 1.2 160 0.8 120 0.4 80 PD(max) for TA = 50C Free Air Mounted Vertically 1.25 0 10 15 L 0.63 0.42 RJA 40 5.0 0.83 0.50 RJA 0 IIII IIII IIII IIII Minimum Size Pad 2.0 oz. Copper L 20 25 40 30 0 5.0 10 15 20 L, LENGTH OF COPPER (mm) L, LENGTH OF COPPER (mm) http://onsemi.com 9 PA ON 2.4 PD(max) for TA = 50C Free Air Mounted Vertically PO ER 100 Figure 24. SOT-223 Thermal Resistance and Maximum Power Dissipation versus P.C.B. Copper Length A Figure 23. DPAK Thermal Resistance and Maximum Power Dissipation versus P.C.B. Copper Length P R JA, THERMAL RESISTANCE, JUNCTION-TO-AIR ( C/W) 5.0 mA < Iout < 100 mA 25 30 0.35 LM317M ORDERING INFORMATION Operating Temperature Range Package Shipping LM317MT Device TJ = 0C to 125C TO-220 50 units/rail LM317MDT TJ = 0C to 125C DPAK 75 units/rail LM317MDTRK TJ = 0C to 125C DPAK 2500 units/Tape & Reel LM317MSTT3 TJ = 0C to 125C SOT-223 4000 units/Tape & Reel LM317MBT TJ = -40C to 125C TO-220 50 units/rail LM317MBDT TJ = -40C to 125C DPAK 75 units/rail LM317MBDTRK TJ = -40C to 125C DPAK 2500 units/Tape & Reel LM317MBSTT3 TJ = -40C to 125C SOT-223 4000 units/Tape & Reel PACKAGE DIMENSIONS T SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 221A-09 ISSUE Z -T- NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH. 3. DIMENSION Z DEFINES A ZONE WHERE ALL BODY AND LEAD IRREGULARITIES ARE ALLOWED. SEATING PLANE C T S 4 DIM A B C D F G H J K L N Q R S T U V Z A Q 1 2 3 U H K Z L R V J G D N INCHES MIN MAX 0.570 0.620 0.380 0.405 0.160 0.190 0.025 0.035 0.142 0.147 0.095 0.105 0.110 0.155 0.018 0.025 0.500 0.562 0.045 0.060 0.190 0.210 0.100 0.120 0.080 0.110 0.045 0.055 0.235 0.255 0.000 0.050 0.045 --- --- 0.080 MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 14.48 15.75 9.66 10.28 4.07 4.82 0.64 0.88 3.61 3.73 2.42 2.66 2.80 3.93 0.46 0.64 12.70 14.27 1.15 1.52 4.83 5.33 2.54 3.04 2.04 2.79 1.15 1.39 5.97 6.47 0.00 1.27 1.15 --- --- 2.04 (SOT-223) ST SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 318E-04 ISSUE J A F NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH. 4 S B 1 2 3 D L G J C 0.08 (0003) H M K http://onsemi.com 10 INCHES DIM MIN MAX A 0.249 0.263 B 0.130 0.145 C 0.060 0.068 D 0.024 0.035 F 0.115 0.126 G 0.087 0.094 H 0.0008 0.0040 J 0.009 0.014 K 0.060 0.078 L 0.033 0.041 M 0_ 10 _ S 0.264 0.287 MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 6.30 6.70 3.30 3.70 1.50 1.75 0.60 0.89 2.90 3.20 2.20 2.40 0.020 0.100 0.24 0.35 1.50 2.00 0.85 1.05 0_ 10 _ 6.70 7.30 LM317M PACKAGE DIMENSIONS (DPAK) DT SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 369A-13 ISSUE Z C B V NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH. SEATING PLANE -T- E R 4 Z A S 1 2 3 U K F J L H D G 2 PL 0.13 (0.005) M T http://onsemi.com 11 DIM A B C D E F G H J K L R S U V Z INCHES MIN MAX 0.235 0.250 0.250 0.265 0.086 0.094 0.027 0.035 0.033 0.040 0.037 0.047 0.180 BSC 0.034 0.040 0.018 0.023 0.102 0.114 0.090 BSC 0.175 0.215 0.020 0.050 0.020 --- 0.030 0.050 0.138 --- MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 5.97 6.35 6.35 6.73 2.19 2.38 0.69 0.88 0.84 1.01 0.94 1.19 4.58 BSC 0.87 1.01 0.46 0.58 2.60 2.89 2.29 BSC 4.45 5.46 0.51 1.27 0.51 --- 0.77 1.27 3.51 --- LM317M ON Semiconductor and are trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. 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